Clairaut a Clairaut A (22 results)

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Couverture rigide. Condition: Bon. ---- Deuxième édition ---- P., Courcier, 1808, un volume in 8 relié en pleine veau marbré, dos orné de fers dorés, étiquette de titre rouge (reliure de l'époque), (petit manque à l'étiquette de titre, un mors légèrement fendu), (1), 40pp., 308pp., figures dans le texte ---- "A scientific classic. Théorie de la figure de la terre was to some degree the theoretical epilogue to the LAPLAND EXPEDITION and to the series of polemics on the earth's shape - an oblate ellipsoid, caccording to Newton and Huygens, and a prolate ellipsoid, according to the Cassinis. Newton had merely outlined a proof ; and Maclaurin, in his work on tides had set forth a general principle of hydrostatics that allowed this proof to be improved upon. CLAIRAUT gave this principle an aspect that he felt was more general. He drew from it an analytical theory that since George Green has been called the theory of potential. It allowed him to study the shape of the stars in more general cases than those examined by his predecessors. CLAIRAUT no longer assumed that the fluid composing a star was homologeneous and he considered various possible laws of gravitation. It was also in this work, considered a scientific classic, that the formula named for CLAIRAUT, expressing the earth's gravity as a function of latitude is found. It was through the various works submitted for the 1740 competition on the theory of tides and THIS WORK OF CLAIRAUT'S, that Newton's theory of gravitation finaly won acceptance in French scientific circles". (DSB III p. 282)**8229/L2.…

Hardcover. Condition: Good. A Famous Discussion on the Shape of the Earth MAUPERTUIS, Pierre Louis Moreau de, "Sur la Figure de la Terre" and with Alex Clairaut "Sur la Nouvelle Methode de M. Cassini pour Connoitre la Figure de la Terre" in a volume is bound in two parts, first being "Histoire de l'Academie Royale des Sciences Annee M DCCXXXV [1735] in (xiv), 151pp; the second part being Suite des Memoires de Mathematique et de Physique de l'Academie des Sciences de l'Annee M DCCXXXV" [1735], 343pp with 11 folding plates; printed by Pierre Mortier in Amsterdam in 1739, with Maupertius appearing on pp 131-141 and the Clairaut on pp 156-163. [++] . Bound in the original leather, with raised bands, and gilt-stamped dentelles. There is some moderate scuffing on the panels and bands; the red calf spine label is intact and legible; the black label showing the year on the next panel is about half scuffed away. GOOD condition, with the binding very strong and the paper clean and crisp.750.00 [++] Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698-1759, French mathematician, philosopher, and astronomer, biologist) is known for his work in the field of mathematics, particularly in the area of calculus, developing a principle known as the principle of least action. However, he is probably best known for his contributions to physics, conducting experiments to measure the shape of the Earth. At the time, there were two prevalent theories: the "spheroidist" theory, which suggested that the Earth was slightly flattened at the poles, and the "flattist" theory, which argued that the Earth was an oblate spheroid with a significant bulge at the equator. (The "oblate spheroid" is the ellipsoid of revolution, a three-dimensional geometric shape formed by rotating an ellipse around one of its axes. It is also known as an ellipsoidal spheroid or an oblate spheroid when the ellipse is elongated along its equatorial axis.) Maupertuis' work helped validate the theory that the Earth is an oblate spheroid, slightly flattened at the poles. His measurements supported the idea that the Earth's shape was a result of its rotation. role in the 18th-century scientific debate concerning the shape of the Earth. [++] In 1736, Maupertuis led an expedition to Lapland (modern-day Finland) to measure the length of a degree of latitude near the Arctic Circle accurately. Based on their measurements, Maupertuis and his colleagues concluded that the Earth was indeed an oblate spheroid, supporting the spheroidist theory. Their findings were published in Maupertuis' work, "Figure of the Earth" ("Figure de la Terre"), which was released in 1738, helping to solidify the acceptance of the spheroidist view among the scientific community. [++] Maupertuis' work on the shape of the Earth had broader implications beyond the field of geodesy. It also contributed to the understanding of planetary bodies and had an influence on subsequent scientific and philosophical discussions. [++] "Maupertuis (1698-1759) made an expedition to Lapland to determine the shape of the Earth. He is often credited with having invented the principle of least action; a version is known as Maupertuis's principle an integral equation that determines the path followed by a physical system. His work in natural history is interesting in relation to modern science, since he touched on aspects of heredity and the struggle for life. In the 1730s, the shape of the Earth became a flashpoint in the battle among rival systems of mechanics. Maupertuis, based on his exposition of Newton (with the help of his mentor Johan Bernoulli) predicted that the Earth should be oblate, while his rival Jacques Cassini measured it astronomically to be prolate. In 1736 Maupertuis acted as chief of the French Geodesic Mission sent by King Louis XV to Lapland to measure the length of a degree of arc of the meridian. His results essentially settled the controversy in his favour." Wikipedia.…

Hardcover. Condition: Very Good. MAUPERTUIS, Pierre Louis Moreau de, "Sur la Figure de la Terre" and with Alex Clairaut "Sur la Nouvelle Methode de M. Cassini pour Connoitre la Figure de la Terre" in a volume is bound in two parts, first being "Histoire de l'Academie Royale des Sciences Annee M DCCXXXV [1735] in (xiv), 151pp; the second part being Suite des Memoires de Mathematique et de Physique .de l'Academie des Sciences de l'Annee M DCCXXXV" [1735], 778pp with 21 folding plates; printed by Pierre Mortier in Amsterdam in 1739, with Maupertius appearing on pp 131-141 and the Clairaut on pp 156-163. [++] Beautifully bound in full vellum. The front panel is stamped (and painted) with a 80 x 47 mm armorial, showing a male figure in some sort of light armor (?), holding a spear in one hand and a double-headed eagle-emblazoned shield in the other hand. Beneath is the legend "SignetumBib.Lioth:EcclesiaeMetro:Polit.Magdeburg", (or Signet um Biblioth(ecque) Ecclesiae Metro[politanae]. Magdeburg), which I take to mean a library in the German city of Magdeburg. Interior rubber stamps for a Gymnasium in Magdeburg. There is some staining or discoloration on the front cover, otherwise this volume is in VG condition, with a fresh and crisp textblock. [++] "Maupertuis (1698-1759) made an expedition to Lapland to determine the shape of the Earth. He is often credited with having invented the principle of least action; a version is known as Maupertuis's principle  an integral equation that determines the path followed by a physical system. His work in natural history is interesting in relation to modern science, since he touched on aspects of heredity and the struggle for life.In the 1730s, the shape of the Earth became a flashpoint in the battle among rival systems of mechanics. Maupertuis, based on his exposition of Newton (with the help of his mentor Johan Bernoulli) predicted that the Earth should be oblate, while his rival Jacques Cassini measured it astronomically to be prolate. In 1736 Maupertuis acted as chief of the French Geodesic Mission sent by King Louis XV to Lapland to measure the length of a degree of arc of the meridian. His results essentially settled the controversy in his favour" [++] "In 1736, together with Pierre Louis Maupertuis, he took part in the expedition to Lapland, which was undertaken for the purpose of estimating a degree of the meridian arc. The goal of the excursion was to geometrically calculate the shape of the Earth, which Sir Isaac Newton theorised in his book Principia was an ellipsoid shape. They sought to prove if Newton's theory and calculations were correct or not.in his paper in the Phil Transactions Clairaut writes that: 'It appears even Sir Isaac Newton was of the opinion, that it was necessary the Earth should be more dense toward the center, in order to be so much the flatter at the poles: and that it followed from this greater flatness, that gravity increased so much the more from the equator towards the Pole'."--Wikipedia, Clairaut.…

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Nicola Zanichelli 1928 sewed, 240 pp. Good copy. (code SC-92).

(Paris, L'Imprimerie Royale, 1746). 4to. Without wrappers. In "Histoire de L'Academie Royale des Sciences. Année MDCCXLIII. Avec les Memoires de Mathematiques & de Physique, pour la même Année." Pp. 17-32 and 3 folded engraved plates. First printing of this controverial paper. "In 1743 Clairaut read before the Academy a Paper entitled "L?orbite de la lune dans le systeme de M. Newton," Newton was not fully aware of the movement of the moon?s apogee, and therefore the problem had to be reexamined in greater detail. However, Clairaut - and d?Alembert, and Euler, who were also working on this question - found only half of the observed movement in their calculations. It was then that Clairaut suggested completing Newton?s law of attraction by adding a term inversely proportional to the fourth power of the distance. This correction of the law elicited a spirited reaction from Buffon, who opposed this modification with metaphysical considerations on the simplicity of the laws of nature. Clairaut, more positive and more a pure mathematician, wanted to stick to calculations and observations. The controversy that arose between these two academicians appears in the Mémoires of the Academy for 1745 (published long afterward)." (DSB).…