Turing Alan Mathison (58 results)

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Brossura. Introduzione di Andew W. Appel.Seconda edizione. Numero di tavole: 0 pp.XV;142 9780691164731 altezza 26 larghezza 17.8 Esemplare in buone condizioni.Copertina con tracce di polvere e lievi segni di usura.Pagine leggermente ingiallite.Rare sottolineature a matita.Testi in inglese. Texts in English.Text in English.

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Otros. Condition: New. Dust Jacket Condition: Nuevo. 01. En 1947 Alan M. Turing pronunció una conferencia ante un auditorio compuesto en su mayor parte por miembros del National Physical Laboratory de Londres en la que intentaba responder a la vieja y controvertida pregunta Puede pensar una máquina? . . . . . . Lo expuesto en ese acto apareció publicado tres años más tarde en Mind ?una importante revista de filosofía británica? y es lo que ofrecemos aquí al lector en su traducción castellana. Este texto se convirtió enseguida en uno de los escritos fundacionales de la lógica informática y la inteligencia artificial, al presentar las líneas generales por las que debería discurrir una respuesta precisa y manejable (aunque no indiscutible) a la pregunta formulada. . . . . . . Se trata del famoso Test de Turing, una prueba para decidir si una máquina es inteligente (o ?piensa?). Para ello Turing diseñó un juego de imitación en el que participan una máquina y seres humanos; podemos decir que una máquina piensa si un ser humano que se comunica con la máquina y con otros seres humanos no logra distinguir cuando su interlocutor es una máquina y cuando un humano. . . Una ?máquina de Turing? como la que participa en el juego, es un dispositivo ideal de cálculo, capaz de resolver una función computable ?una función cuya solución es susceptible de ser obtenida por un procedimiento mecánico? . . . . . . . Pero lo más significativo es que Turing demostró que hay una máquina peculiar ?la máquina universal de Turing? en la que se puede representar cualquier máquina que sea capaz de computar una función particular. De acuerdo con esto, una máquina universal de Turing sería una especie de sistema operativo en el que se implementan diferentes programas (máquinas de Turing especiales), un poco a la manera en que nos es familiar en los ordenadores personales. La denominada ?metáfora del ordenador? como modelo capaz de simular la mente humana y, por ende, el pensar, tiene aquí su fuente. LIBRO.

Hardcover. Condition: gut. Auflage: 2. On Computable Numbers Universalrechner Künstliche Intelligenz Entschlüsselung des deutschen Funkverkehrs britischer Geheimdienst Dieses ist die Biographie des legendären britischen Mathematikers, Logikers, Kryptoanalytikers und Computerkonstrukteurs Alan Mathison Turing (1912-1954). Turing war einer der bedeutendsten Mathematiker dieses Jahrhunderts und eine höchst exzentrische Persönlichkeit. Er gilt seit seiner 1937 erschienenen Arbeit On Computable Numbers, in der er das Prinzip des abstrakten Universalrechners entwickelte, als der Erfinder des Computers. Er legte auch die Grundlagen für das heute Künstliche Intelligenz genannte Forschungsgebiet. Die bis 1975 geheimgehaltene Tätigkeit Turings für den britischen Geheimdienst, die zur Entschlüsselung des deutschen Funkverkehrs führte, trug entscheidend zum Verlauf und Ausgang des Zweiten Weltkriegs bei. Alan Turing, Enigma: 001 (Computerkultur, Bd 1) [Gebundene Ausgabe] Andrew Hodges (Autor), R. Herken (Übersetzer), E. Lack (Übersetzer) Mathematiker Logiker Kryptoanalytiker Computerkonstrukteur Alan Mathison Turing On Computable Numbers Universalrechner Künstliche Intelligenz Entschlüsselung des deutschen Funkverkehrs britischer Geheimdienst In deutscher Sprache. 662 pages.

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Hardcover. Condition: gut. 1989. On Computable Numbers Universalrechner Künstliche Intelligenz Entschlüsselung des deutschen Funkverkehrs britischer Geheimdienst Dieses ist die Biographie des legendären britischen Mathematikers, Logikers, Kryptoanalytikers und Computerkonstrukteurs Alan Mathison Turing (1912-1954). Turing war einer der bedeutendsten Mathematiker dieses Jahrhunderts und eine höchst exzentrische Persönlichkeit. Er gilt seit seiner 1937 erschienenen Arbeit On Computable Numbers, in der er das Prinzip des abstrakten Universalrechners entwickelte, als der Erfinder des Computers. Er legte auch die Grundlagen für das heute Künstliche Intelligenz genannte Forschungsgebiet. Die bis 1975 geheimgehaltene Tätigkeit Turings für den britischen Geheimdienst, die zur Entschlüsselung des deutschen Funkverkehrs führte, trug entscheidend zum Verlauf und Ausgang des Zweiten Weltkriegs bei. Alan Turing, Enigma: 001 (Computerkultur, Bd 1) [Gebundene Ausgabe] Andrew Hodges (Autor), R. Herken (Übersetzer), E. Lack (Übersetzer) Mathematiker Logiker Kryptoanalytiker Computerkonstrukteur Alan Mathison Turing On Computable Numbers Universalrechner Künstliche Intelligenz Entschlüsselung des deutschen Funkverkehrs britischer Geheimdienst In deutscher Sprache. 662 pages.

Condition: Wie neu. 1. dt. Ausg. 240 S. : Ill. ; 24 cm + 1 Diskette Zustand: neuwertig; UNGELESEN; a7342 9783922660224 Wenn das Buch einen Schutzumschlag hat, ist das ausdrücklich erwähnt. Rechnung mit ausgewiesener Mwst. Sprache: Deutsch Gewicht in Gramm: 550 gebundene Ausgabe, Hardcover/Pappeinband.

Soft cover. Condition: Very Good. No Jacket. Entire volume offered. 137 pp; illus. Original printed wrappers. Very Good+. 'His last publication was in Penguin Science News, written like a modern Scientific American article, and entitled Solvable and unsolvable problems. Written vividly but from the perspective of a pure mathematician, its final words concerned the interpretation of unsolvable problems, such as the halting problem for Turing machines' (Andrew Hodges, 'Alan Turing: one of The Great Philosophers'; on Alan Turing Home Page).

No Binding. Condition: Very Good. 592 x 432mm, stored folded; 10pp. TURING'S MOST DARING STATEMENT ON THE FUTURE OF COMPUTING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. The interview that contains Turing's most famous quote, used on the £50 note that bears his portrait: "This is only a foretaste of what is to come and only the shadow of what is going to be." Also a clear presage of Turing's famous paper 'Computing Machinery and Intelligence', published just one year later in Mind Quarterly (Vol. LIX, No. 236, Oct., 1950), and a pithy summary of his prior 1948 report .Intelligent Machinery'. The subject of the interview, printed here on p. 4 of The Times for 11 June 1949 (No. 51,405), was ostensibly the 'Manchester Baby' - the first operational stored program computer in the world. But it just so happened that two days before the interview the neurologist Sir Geoffrey Jefferson had given a nay-saying and well publicised talk about computing and intelligence. Turing was therefore encouraged to speculate on the powers of computing machinery: "We have to have some experience with the machine before we really know its capabilities. It may take years before we settle down to the new possibilities, but I do not see why it should not enter any one of the fields normally covered by human intellect, and eventually compete on equal terms." The (journalist's) description of the computer (the Manchester 'Baby') is also pleasing: "Its appearance is somewhat unpreposessing. It is composed of racks of electrical apparatus consisting of a mass of untidy wires, valves, chassis, and display tubes. When in action the cathode ray becomes a pattern of dots which shows what information is in the machine." The piece discusses the solution of 'a problem, the nature of which is not disclosed, which was started in the seventeenth century', and also the composition of poetry. On this point Turing makes an intriguing remark: "I do not think you can even draw the line about sonnets, though the comparison is perhaps a little bit unfair because a sonnet written by a machine will be better appreciated by another machine." The journalist, summarizing Turing, concluded with the following visionary insight: "Turing added that [.] their research would be directed to finding the degree of intellectual activity of which a machine was capable, and to what extent it could think for itself." Turing's comments were controversial: The Times carried a number of letters in future editions attempting to reign in Turing s speculations, one of them from his Manchester colleague Max Newman. Even in this small space Turing manages to say a lot: the idea that computer creations can only be appreciated by other computers remains quite startling - think of what might happen when LLMs get chatting with each other. Note that he is actually quite cautious when he says "fields normally covered by the human intellect". Computers can't do everything - but there's no reason why they can't reason. Very good condition: fragile and age-toned, with some very subtle archival-tape repairs to the spine and central fold (but barely noticeable and a great aid to handling). The Turing interview in excellent condition.

First edition. TURING AND THE SECRET OF LIFE. First edition of the extremely rare true offprint (without price to front wrapper), of Turing's last major published work, which was "in every respect ahead of its time" (Copeland, p. 510). Taking his cue from the zoologist D'Arcy Thompson, who held that the forms of living things are to be explained in terms of the operation of physical forces and mathematical laws, Turing presents here the first mathematical theory of embryology. "At a time when Crick and Watson were using X-ray diffraction to establish the structure of DNA, Turing was grappling with a theoretical understanding of how information might be spread and diffused at a chemical level. In a classic statement of the scientific method Turing wrote: 'a mathematical model of the growing embryo will be described. This model will be a simplification and an idealisation, and consequently a falsification. It is to be hoped that the features retained for discussion are those of greatest importance in the present state of knowledge'. The result was applied mathematics par excellence. Just as the simple idea of the Turing machine had sent him into fields beyond the boundaries of Cambridge mathematics, so now this simple idea in physical chemistry took him into a region of new mathematical problems" (Hodges, p. 434). "Alan Turing's paper, 'The chemical basis of morphogenesis,' has been hugely influential in a number of areas. In this paper, Turing proposed that biological pattern formation arises in response to a chemical pre-pattern which, in turn, is set up by a process now known as diffusion-driven instability. The genius of this work was that he considered a system which was stable in the absence of diffusion and then showed that the addition of diffusion, which is naturally stabilising, actually caused an instability. Thus, it was the integration of the parts that was as crucial to the understanding of embryological development as the parts themselves patterns emerged or self-organised as a result of the individual parts interacting. To see how far ahead of his time he was, one has to note that it is only now in the post-genomic era of systems biology that the majority of the scientific community has arrived at the conclusion he came to 60 years ago Applications of Turing's work to developmental biology are too numerous to list but include limb development, pigmentation patterning, hair and feather germ formation, tooth morphogenesis, phyllotaxis, hydra patterning and regeneration. Moreover, ideas of self-organization now abound in biology, chemistry and ecology. The stimulus for a lot of this work stems from Turing's original ideas. Although still very controversial, Turing's theory for morphogenesis provided a paradigm shift in our way of thinking" (Maini, in Alan Turing: his work and impact, p. 684). There are two separate issues of 'The chemical basis of morphogenesis', the genuine author's presentation offprint offered here, and a commercially produced reprint; the latter differs from the former only in the presence of a price (eight shillings) at the foot of the front wrapper. ABPC/RBH records the sale of only one copy of this offprint (Christie's, June 12, 2013, lot 136, £13,125) Provenance: Owner's name written in ink to upper right corner of front wrapper; botanist Otto L. Stein (1925-2014). The offprint is accompanied with a signed typed letter from 1956 by R.A. Brooker at the Computing Machine Laboratory Manchester in reply to Stein's request to Turing for a copy of the offprint. "Alan had thought about embryology all the time, fascinated by the fact that how such growth was determined was something 'nobody has yet made the smallest beginnings at finding out.' There had been little advance since Growth and Form [by D'Arcy Thomspon], the 1927 classic that he had read before the war. "The greatest puzzle was that of how biological matter could assemble itself into patterns which were so enormous compared to the size of the cells. How could an assemblage of cells 'know' that it must settle into a five-fold symmetry, to make a starfish? How could the Fibonacci pattern of a fir-cone be imposed in its harmonious, regular way upon a growing plant? How could matter take shape or, as biological Greek had it, what was the secret of morphogenesis? Suggestive words like 'morphogenetic field', vague as the Life Force, were employed by biologists to describe the way that embryonic tissue seemed to be endowed with an invisible pattern which subsequently dictated its harmonious development. It had been conjectured that these 'fields' could be described in chemical terms but there was no theory of how this could be. Polanyi believed that there was no explanation except by a guiding esprit de corps; the inexplicability of embryonic form was one of his many arguments against determinism. Conversely, Alan told Robin [Gandy] that his new ideas were intended to 'defeat the Argument from Design'. "There were other suggestions in the literature for the nature of the 'morphogenetic field', but at some point Alan decided to accept the idea that it was defined by some variation of chemical concentrations, and to see how far he could get on the basis of that one idea. [The problem was] to discover circumstances in which a mixture of chemical solutions, diffusing and reacting with each other, could settle into a pattern, a pulsating pattern of chemical waves; waves of concentration into which the developing tissue would harden; waves which would encompass millions of cells, organising them into a symmetrical order far greater in scale. "There was one central, fundamental problem. It was exemplified in the phenomenon of gastrulation. in which a perfect sphere of cells would suddenly develop a groove, determining the head and tail ends of the emergent animal. The problem was this: if the sphere were symmetrical, and the chemical equations were symmetrical, without knowledge of left or right, up or down, where did th.

First edition. ALAN TURING'S HANDBOOK FOR THE FERRANTI MARK I THE WORLD'S FIRST COMPUTER PROGRAMMING MANUAL. First edition, extremely rare, of "the world's first computer programming manual" (Jack Copeland & Jason Long, 'Alan Turing: How his Universal Machine became a Musical Instrument,' IEEE Spectrum, 2017), written by Turing for the Ferranti Mark I, the first commercially available electronic digital computer. "In May 1948 Turing resigned from the [National Physical Laboratory]. Work on the ACE [Automatic Computing Engine] had drawn almost to a standstill. [M. H. A.] Newman lured a 'very fed up' Turing to Manchester, where in May 1948 he was appointed Deputy Director of the Computing Machine Laboratory (there being no Director). Turing designed the input mechanism and programming system of, and wrote a programming manual for, the full-scale Manchester computer" (Copeland (ed.), p. 121). The Handbookinstructs users on the programming of the Ferranti Mark I, which was completed in February 1951 and which Turing referred to as the Manchester Electronic Computer Mark II. (The first US commercial machine, the Eckert-Mauchly UNIVAC, appeared a few months later.) The Handbook was written "presumably mostly in the half year gap between the dismantling of the Manchester Mark 1 and the delivery of the Ferranti Mark 1 in February 1951" (University of Manchester, Mark I Documents, online, 2005). Written "mainly for the benefit of those who will actually do programming for the Mark II machine", Turing notes in this introduction that "Electronic computers are intended to carry out any definite rule of thumb process which could have been done by a human operator working in a disciplined but unintelligent manner. The electronic computer should however obtain its results very much more quickly". From 6-15 July 1951 Manchester University hosted an international conference, attended by some 170 delegates, celebrating the installation of the Ferranti Mark 1, at which time the Handbook was probably distributed. The present document is the first of at least three editions of the Handbook, and was apparently written before the machine was fully installed and operating (the library input routines, for instance, are described in the future tense). Turing made little contribution to the later editions because by 1951 his interests had turned back to morphogenesis (in connection with which he used the Mark I for the solution of partial differential equations). This complimentary copy of the first edition is stamped "with the compliments / of A. M. Turing" (the former printed, the latter handwritten in ink, not in Turing's hand). It is accompanied by 9 mimeographed items relating to the Handbook, including a letter from Turing stating the Computing Machine Laboratory at the University of Manchester is willing to "send copies of our library sub-routines to holders of handbooks", and four such subroutines: 'Input. Purpose. To Read from Tape' (1 July 1951); 'English. Purpose. To Print Any Fixed Material with Page Printing' (1 July 1951); 'Roughwrite. Purpose. To Write from Rough Tapes' (1 July 1951); 'Reciproot. Purpose. To Calculate Square Roots and Reciprocal Square Roots' (9 July 1951). The extraordinary rarity of the Handbook might be explained by the fact that only two units of the Ferranti Mark I were actually built. It has been suggested that only "several tens of these manuals were printed" (in all editions) (Lavington). Not on OCLC or Library Hub. RBH lists only one other copy (without the Turing letter and added subroutines). Provenance: Donald Bayley (1921-2020), electronic engineer and collaborator of Alan Turing on 'Delilah,' a functioning portable speech-encryption system, at the MI6 base at Hanslope Park, Buckinghamshire, in 1944. Andrew Hodges writes that Turing spoke to Bayley in 1944 of "building a brain" (uk/publications/); thence by descent to the previous owner. "It was in the Manchester lab, in June 1948, that the first electronic all-purpose, stored-program computer ran its first program. Nicknamed 'Baby,' this prototype was rough and ready. Programs were entered into memory, bit by bit, via a panel of hand-operated switches. Bright dots and dashes on a tiny glass screen formed the output. Baby was created by two brilliant engineers Freddie Williams and Tom Kilburn as a test bed for their new ground-breaking, high-speed electronic memory, the Williams-Kilburn tube (a type of cathode-ray tube). Although Baby ran its first program a few weeks before Turing arrived at the Manchester lab, Turing's ideas had heavily influenced Kilburn as he designed the computer. (Kilburn didn't like giving Turing credit, but the historical evidence on this point is clear.) "After his arrival, Turing improved on the bare-bones nature of Baby, designing an input-output system that was based on the wartime technology used at Bletchley Park. Williams and Kilburn themselves knew nothing of Bletchley Park and its nine gigantic Colossus computers. These secret machines were the world's first large-scale electronic computers, although they were not all-purpose and did not incorporate the concept of the stored program. Instead, each Colossus was controlled by switches and a patch panel. The war ended before a plan to use a program punched into a teleprinter tape to control the computer could be tested. "Turing used the same punched tape as the basis of his input-output punch and reader. As with Colossus, a row of light-sensitive cells converted the tape's patterns of holes into electrical pulses and fed these pulses to the computer. What made Baby unique was that rather than running the program directly from a tape, it stored the program in memory for execution. (Once programs are stored in internal memory, a computer can edit them before or even while they run.) "Soon, a larger computer took shape in the laboratory. Turing called it the Mark I. Kilburn and Williams worked primarily on the hardware and Turing on the software. Wi.