Nordheim Lothar (6 results)

Softcover. Condition: Sehr gut. Braunschweig, Viewg 1923. 15 S. OU. Sonderabdruck aus Zeitschrift für Physik, Bd. 17, S. 316-330.- Sehr gut erhalten.

Softcover. Condition: Gut. Bln., Springer 1927. 48 S. OU. (gebräunt, Widmung und kleiner Fleck auf Vorderumschlag). Sonderabdruck aus dem Handbuch der Physik, Bd. V, S. 43-90.

LeatherBound. Condition: New. BOOKS ARE EXEMPT FROM IMPORT DUTIES AND TARIFFS; NO EXTRA CHARGES APPLY. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. Reprinted from 1946 edition. NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set and contains approximately 12 pages. IF YOU WISH TO ORDER PARTICULAR VOLUME OR ALL THE VOLUMES YOU CAN CONTACT US. Resized as per current standards. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Language: English.…

Soft cover. Condition: Very Good. 1st Edition. 30 pp. Original wrappers. Vertical crease in first leaf (1/2). Very Good. First Separate Printing. Author's offprint. John von Neumann's first publication on quantum mechanics. Quoting the second paragraph of the paper: "The present paper has emerged from a lecture, given by D. Hilbert in the Winter Semester 1926/27 on the recent development of quantum mechanics, and it was prepared with the more essential help of L. Nordheim. Important parts of the mathematical execution originate from J. v. Neumann. The final write-up of this paper was provided by L. Nordheim. We believe that the Nordheim formulation of Jordan's and Dirac's ideas, which we have worked out here, have become substantially simpler and therefore more transparent and more easily understandable" (Chris Mitsch's English translation in 2019). "It was most fortunate for the development of our theory that Heisenberg's appeal to pure mathematicians was answered, at the right moment, in Göttingen by Hilbert himself. Since he had been consulted on numerous mathematical aspects of the theory ever since its inception, quantum mechanics was no terra incognita to him. In the fall of 1926 he began a systematic study of its mathematical foundations. Hilbert s approach was, of course, that of a pure mathematician. In his quest for logical rigor he elaborated Jordan's semi-axiomatic theory, based as it was on the notion of probability amplitudes. He first investigated the physical requirements which these amplitudes have to satisfy so as to lead to results in agreement with experience, and then searched for an analytical apparatus in terms of which these requirements could be formulated and satisfied. . . . Although Hilbert's contention concerning the finality of the analytical apparatus . . . was soon to be disproved, his conception of a separate analytical apparatus through the interpretation of which empirical relations can be brought into the form of mathematical statements became a basic element of the methodology of modern theoretical physics" (Jammer, "Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanics", pp. 309-310). Copy of Egon Orowan, with his ink name stamp "Orowan" on the front wrapper.…

The Hague, Nijhoff, 1936. (in: Archives du Musée Teyler, Série III, Vol.8, fasc.2, p.119-133 & p.107-114). Orig.wrappers. After Lothar Nordheim fled Germany in 1934, he stayed in the Netherlands for a short time. He moved to the US, worked at Purdue University on cosmic rays, and later at Duke University. During World War II he worked as head of the department in the Clinton Laboratories in Oak Ridge on the Manhattan Project.…

First edition. The First Axiomatization of Quantum Mechanics. First edition, very rare offprint, of the paper that is at once the first published attempt at an axiomatic foundation of quantum mechanics, David Hilbert's last publication in physics, and John von Neumann's first publication on the subject that was to occupy the remainder of his scientific life. The present copy carries, in pencil on the front wrapper, the ownership signature of Paul Peter Ewald (1888-1985): the physicist whom Hilbert had personally brought to Göttingen in 1912 to be his 'tutor in physics.' That Hilbert's own physics tutor should have retained the offprint of Hilbert's valedictory physics paper, whose protagonist was the young Hungarian who within five years would supersede it, closes a circuit of intellectual patronage across the most consequential fifteen years of twentieth-century theoretical physics. Ewald had come to Göttingen as a student of mathematics in 1906, and by 1907 was one of Hilbert's Ausarbeiter-students entrusted with taking down Hilbert's lectures and preparing fair copies for the mathematical reading room. He moved to Munich later in 1907 to work under Arnold Sommerfeld; his 1912 doctoral dissertation, on the propagation of electromagnetic waves through periodic arrays of oscillators, supplied the theoretical framework for what was about to become the most celebrated physical experiment of its decade. On a January 1912 walk through Munich's Englischer Garten, Ewald described the dissertation's results to Max von Laue, who at that moment was struggling to devise an experiment to prove that X-rays were electromagnetic waves; within weeks, von Laue, Walter Friedrich, and Paul Knipping had performed the diffraction experiment that founded modern X-ray crystallography and that won Laue the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physics. Ewald's own subsequent contributions-the Ewald sphere in reciprocal space, the Ewald summation for Coulomb lattice sums, the Ewald-Oseen extinction theorem in crystal optics-are standard fixtures of condensed-matter physics and remain in daily use a century later. In the spring of 1912, with Ewald newly returned from Munich, Hilbert wrote to Sommerfeld requesting a special assistant for physics; Sommerfeld sent Ewald back, and he was received in Göttingen as Hilbert's 'physics tutor,' the designation under which the appointment would be informally remembered for the rest of his life. Hilbert's expectations of the arrangement were characteristically ambitious: Ewald recalled, in later life, Hilbert summarising his research programme to him in a single sentence-mathematics had been reformed; physics was next; chemistry would follow. Ewald returned to Munich as Sommerfeld's assistant in 1913, took the chair of theoretical physics at the Technische Hochschule Stuttgart in 1921, and held it until 1937, when the Nazi legislation against Jewish academics drove him into exile-first to Queens' College Cambridge, then, from 1949, to the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn; he served as the founding editor-in-chief of Acta Crystallographica from 1948 to 1959 and as president of the International Union of Crystallography from 1960 to 1963, and his 1962 volume Fifty Years of X-Ray Diffraction, edited for the IUCr, remains the standard first-person history of the field he had seeded on the Englischer Garten walk half a century earlier. That Ewald retained the present offprint in his working library is itself significant: the paper was not only an artefact of Hilbert's final physics course but a document in which one of Ewald's own lifelong concerns-the extension of mathematical rigour to physical theory, the programme Hilbert had first articulated to him in 1912-was being carried out by Hilbert's latest generation of students. It is an offprint that, in a sense Hilbert would have recognised, circles back to its own intellectual origin. By the time of the paper here offered, Hilbert was at the close of a forty-year career that had reshaped every branch of mathematics he had touched. He had presented his programme of axiomatic foundations at the second International Congress in Paris in 1900, in a lecture whose twenty-three open problems set the agenda of much of twentieth-century mathematics; he had given the Grundlagen der Geometrie in 1899; and he had developed integral-equation theory and the spectral theory of bounded self-adjoint operators - in the work that, in von Neumann's extension to unbounded operators, would furnish exactly the apparatus called for in the paper here offered - in a celebrated cycle of papers between 1904 and 1910. He had taken the chair at Göttingen in 1895 and was to retire from it in 1930. The Göttingen mathematical institute he and Felix Klein had built had become, by the late 1920s, the foremost mathematical centre in the world, and the years 1925-1933 represent its short final flourishing. Within five years of the present offprint, the National Socialist legislation of April 1933 had driven from Göttingen most of those who had built and inhabited it: Courant, Born, Bernays, Noether, Landau, Hellinger, Weyl (who departed for the new Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton), and von Neumann himself, who had emigrated to Princeton in 1930. Hilbert, then sixty-eight and in increasingly fragile health, remained in Göttingen until his death in February 1943; he is reported to have remarked to the new Reich Minister of Education that mathematics in Göttingen no longer existed. The paper emerged from a lecture course, 'Mathematische Methoden der Quantentheorie,' that Hilbert delivered at Göttingen twice weekly through the winter semester of 1926-1927. By that date Hilbert was sixty-four, convalescing from the near-fatal onset of pernicious anaemia the previous year-he owed his recovery, he would later acknowledge, to the Minot-Murphy-Whipple liver therapy whose discoverers would receive the 1934 Nobel Prize in Medicine-and he had not published a physics paper since the second instalme.…