A practical explanation of the concepts and basic principles underlying the development of well balanced, cost-effective, commercial formulations of paint, for technologists at all levels of the paint industry and for the industry's suppliers of raw materials. Illustrates that the principles are the same whether you are altering a classic formula by fiddling with an ingredient or two, or you are starting from scratch to create a whole new formulation. Distributed in the US by Chapman & Hall. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.
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This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -1 Getting the basics right.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Availability of raw material data.- 1.3 Clarifying the objective.- 1.4 Identifying formulating constraints.- 1.5 Use of standard formulation format.- 1.5.1 Costing laboratory formulations.- 1.5.2 Manufacturing formulations.- 1.6 Use of test schedules.- 1.7 Understanding the costing system.- 1.7.1 Raw material costs.- 1.7.2 Manufacturing costs.- 1.7.3 Container and filling costs.- 1.8 Know the competition.- 2 Establishing a structured development programme.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Raw material substitution.- 2.3 Cost reduction.- 2.4 Product improvement.- 2.5 Matching the competition.- 2.6 New products.- 2.6.1 Project 1.- 2.6.2 Project 2.- 2.7 New classes of raw material.- 2.8 New technology.- 3 Raw materials.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Resins.- 3.2.1 General.- 3.2.2 Types of resins available.- 3.2.3 Selection of resins.- 3.3 Pigments.- 3.3.1 General.- 3.3.2 White pigments (titanium dioxide).- 3.3.3 Coloured pigments.- 3.3.4 Extenders.- 3.3.5 Corrosion inhibiting pigments.- 3.4 Solvents, thinners and diluents.- 3.4.1 General.- 3.4.2 Solvents in air dry finishes.- 3.4.3 Solvents in cross-linked and stoving finishes.- 3.4.4 Solvents in aqueous finishes.- 3.5 Rheology modifiers.- 3.5.1 General.- 3.5.2 Solvent-thinned products.- 3.5.3 Water-thinned products.- 3.6 Additives.- 3.6.1 General.- 3.6.2 Dispersing/wetting agents.- 3.6.3 Driers.- 3.6.4 Preservatives/biocides.- 3.6.5 Insecticides.- 3.6.6 Can corrosion inhibitors.- 3.6.7 Flash rust inhibitors.- 3.6.8 UV absorbers.- 3.6.9 Reodorants.- 3.6.10 Anti-skin.- 3.6.11 Anti-flood/float.- 3.6.12 Anti-foam.- 3.6.13 Anti-gassing.- 3.6.14 Anti-static.- 3.6.15 Anti-freeze.- 4 Volume relationships.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 The CPVC concept.- 4.3 Establishing the CPVC.- 4.3.1 The CPVC cell method.- 4.3.2 The oil absorption method.- 4.3.3 Effect of latex vehicles on CPVC.- 4.3.4 Other means for CPVC determination.- 4.4 The relationship of PVC to CPVC.- 4.5 The porosity concept.- 4.5.1 Effect of porosity on hiding power.- 4.6 Use in formulation.- 4.6.1 Spacing extenders.- 4.6.2 Modifying a standard product.- 4.6.3 Latex paints.- 4.6.4 Flat latex paints.- 4.6.5 Effect of relative BPI.- 4.6.6 Matching a competitive sample.- 4.7 Summary.- References.- 5 Dry hiding¿an alternative to titanium dioxide.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Available technologies.- 5.3 Relevance of packing considerations.- 5.4 Pittment.- 5.5 Spindrift.- 5.6 Plastic pigment.- 5.7 Opaque polymer.- 6 Computer techniques.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Computerised process control.- 6.3 Colour matching.- 6.4 Formulation and costing programmes.- 6.4.1 Raw material file.- 6.4.2 Formulation file.- 6.4.3 Calculation file.- 6.4.4 Reformulation programmes.- 6.5 Experimental designs.- 6.5.1 Randomisation.- 6.5.2 Randomised block.- 6.5.3 Latin square.- 6.5.4 Factorial experiments.- 6.5.5 Fractional factorial design.- 6.5.6 Box ¿ Behnken.- 6.6 Experimental design with mixtures.- 6.6.1 Three component mixture design.- 6.6.2 Four component mixture design.- 6.6.3 Simplex mixture screening design.- 6.7 Theoretical approach to formulation.- References.- 7 Design for bulk manufacture.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.1.1 The basic problem.- 7.1.2 Conditions for dispersion.- 7.1.3 Particulate solids.- 7.1.4 The continuous phase.- 7.2 Stages of bulk manufacture.- 7.2.1 Introduction.- 7.2.2 Stable base formulation.- 7.2.3 Initial dispersion formulation.- 7.2.4 Let-down stages.- 7.2.5 Completion.- 7.3 Types of dispersion equipment.- 7.3.1 Introduction.- 7.3.2 Ball mills.- 7.3.3 Attritors.- 7.3.4 Batch bead mills.- 7.3.5 High shear stress mixers.- 7.3.6 Low shear stress mixers.- 7.3.7 Other types of mixers.- 7.3.8 Continuous mills.- 7.3.9 Sand mills.- 7.4 Formulating for optimum wetting and dispersion.- 7.4.1 Introduction.- 7.4.2 Ball mills.- 7.4.3 Attritors.- 7.4.4 Batch bead mills.- 7.4.5 High shear stress mixers.- 7.4.6 Low shear stress mixers.- 7.4.7 Other high speed mixers.- 7.4.8 Continuous mills.- 7.5 Choice of equipment.- 7.5.1 Introduction.- 7.5.2 Emulsion paints.- 7.5.3 Alkyd gloss.- 7.5.4 Stoving enamels.- 7.5.5 High viscosity types.- 7.5.6 Speciality types.- 8 Selection of test methods.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.1.1 Sources of variability.- 8.1.2 Towards greater realism.- 8.1.3 Choice of method.- 8.2 Properties in the can.- 8.2.1 Viscosity characteristics.- 8.2.2 Storage stability.- 8.2.3 Degree of dispersion.- 8.3 Application characteristics.- 8.3.1 Decorative finishes.- 8.3.2 Industrial finishes.- 8.4 Film formation under application conditions.- 8.4.1 Air dry solvent bourne coatings.- 8.4.2 Air dry latex coatings.- 8.4.3 Cross-linking products.- 8.5 Film properties.- 8.5.1 Film appearance.- 8.5.2 Physical properties.- 8.5.3 Chemical properties.- 8.5.4 Durability testing.- Appendices.- Appendix I Paint calculations.- Appendix II Units for the paint formulator.- Appendix III International test methods.- Appendix IV Health and safety legislation. 280 pp. Englisch. 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