Sold by Geographicus Rare Antique Maps, Brooklyn, NY, U.S.A.
Association Member:
AbeBooks Seller since 21 November 2024
Seller rating 4 out of 5 stars
Fair. Worming loss here and there. Wear along original folds. Two instances of loss at fold junctions professionally infilled. Light soiling. Size 19.5 x 36 Inches. A vividly-colored and historically significant c. 1785 Hayashi Shihei manuscript map of Ezo (today's Hokkaido) and environs, including the Kuril Islands, the Kamchatka Peninsula, Sakhalin, and part of Manchuria. Based on the earliest detailed Japanese surveys of Ezo, this map is one of the most important maps of the Edo period, an early manifestation of a Japanese-Russian territorial struggle that is still disputed. A Closer Look The map is oriented towards the east with north at left and south (including contemporary Japan) to the right. The islands at the top are the Kurils (Chishima), the constituent islands of which are marked with a small circle if inhabited. The northern tip of Honshu and the domain of the Matsumae clan in southern Hokkaido appear to the right in green. Sakhalin (?????) appears at left, while a nearby part of mainland Asia is labeled 'Karafuto Island' (?????, clearly not an island here), later the Japanese name for Sakhalin, reflecting uncertainty over both geography and terminology at this early stage. A large river at bottom-left is labeled as both Saghalien (its Manchu name, the basis for the name of the nearby island) and Amur (???), with the nearby land (now Khabarovsk Krai) curiously described as a dividing line between Europe and Asia. Mountains, rivers, islands, bays, and other geographic features are labeled throughout, as are a handful of settlements. The most familiar of these is the base of the Matsumae clan, labeled 'large Matsumae' and 'small Matsumae' (???, ???), today's Hakodate, which the Tokugawa moved to more directly control from 1779. Shipping lines are noted throughout with their distances in Japanese ri (just under 4 kilometers). Most placenames are written in kana and no doubt were borrowed from the Ainu, who had trade networks extending to Sakhalin and Manchuria. Some are written in kanji with names suggestive of their natural resources (such as 'Metal Mountain' ?? and 'Metal Giving Mountain' ???). Explanatory notes appear throughout as well. These, again, in some cases, refer to the natural resources of Ezo ('much timber here' ?????) or the approximated land mass of an area or island. Longer blocks of text discuss the peoples, language, culture, and resources of areas more distant from Tokugawa Japan, often in an imperfect or impressionistic fashion. However, the information is accurate in recognizing the replacement of 'Tatars' as the dominant power in the easternmost portion of mainland Asia with Russians (?????) in the preceding years, as well as the encroachment of Russians into the Kuril Islands. The increasing presence of Russians gives these descriptions a sense of foreboding, which is no doubt a major reason why the Tokugawa banned this map and the accompanying text after it was published. A Small Opening to the World This map reflects the results of the Ezo land survey (?????) undertaken in 1785 - 1786 by Mogami Tokunai (????), a critically important step in Japan's efforts to claim Hokkaido and other northern islands (including the Kuril Islands) and prevent their seizure by Russia or other Western powers. For most of the Edo or Tokugawa Era (1600 - 1868), Japan operated under Sakoku (??, 'Locked Country') policies, where foreign trade and interaction were allowed with the Dutch and Chinese at Nagasaki and through other tightly constrained channels, but otherwise were forbidden to prevent potentially troublesome foreign ideas like Christianity from undermining Tokugawa rule. Nevertheless, some Japanese intellectuals, particularly of the 'Dutch Learning' (Rangaku) School, were aware of developments in the outside world, and the Tokugawa became quietly but increasingly concerned about foreign threats. Whalers, adventurers, and would-be traders from Russia, Europe, and the United States appeared on Japan's sho.
Seller Inventory # Ezo-hayashishihei-1785
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Geographicus Rare Antique Maps offers a full guarantee of authenticity on every map we sell. We do not trade in modern reproductions or contemporary copies. A signed Certificate of Authenticity will accompany every map we sell. Any map legitimately found to be a fake or reproduction may be returned to Geographicus at any time for a full refund. Returns based on claims of inauthenticity must be accompanied by no less than two letters from industry professionals (other ABAA/ILAB dealers,...
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| Order quantity | 7 to 14 business days | 2 to 8 business days |
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