springer us nov 2012 (Over 1,100 results)

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware -since the earliest results on the linkage between ras activation and cell transformation appeared a vast amount of additional information has been generated which emphasizes the importance of ras-related genes in membrane trafficking, cell proliferation, differentiation and cancer. These advances led to the development of new strategies for the diagnosis, prognosis and prevention of cancer. Ras-related genes appear to be central to the mechanism of transformation by other oncogenes and therefore constitute a focal point upon which attempts to intervene in the process of carcinogenesis will be concentrated. The present volume contains the contributions to the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the 'The Superfamily of ras-Related Genes' held in Agia Pelagia, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 1991. At this meeting the leading researchers in this field carne together to discuss the most recent progress in analysis of biological function of the ras-related genes. As an organizer I feel that the Workshop was a success, and would like to thank all the participants and the contributors to this volume. I thank the NATO Scientific Affairs Division, Brussels, the Greek Ministry of Industry, Energy and Technology, the International Center for Cancer Research, the National Hellenic Research Foundation and the Medical School, University of Crete for sponsoring the Meeting.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware -This book is about compressing data to make digital systems work more effi ciently. According to the dictionary, when something is compressed, it is con densed, squeezed, constricted, or pressed together to fit into less space. Air is compressed for a variety of useful purposes. Businesses are downsized to make them more efficient. We pack our daily schedules tighter and tighter to accomplish more. Who has not crushed an empty soda can for recycling Many different things can be compressed, including the data in computers, communications links, consumer-electronics gear, and all sizes and shapes of digital systems. Are you curious about how data compression squeezes the 'air' out of digital bits Would you like to know where it is used and, increasingly, why the marketplace demands it be used Would you like to learn the right way to build data compres sion into your products Then, this book is for you. This exciting technology and its importance for current and future digital systems are explained in easy to understand terms. No previous knowledge of data compression is required because the necessary technical background is carefully developed. Neither is an extensive understanding of mathematics be cause there are few equations and important ideas are graphically illustrated. If you read any of the popular or professional monthly magazines that cover the latest advances in digital systems, your background is adequate. If you understand this preface, you are ready to tackle this book.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware -Flavour is an important sensory aspect of the overall acceptability of meat products. Whether we accept or reject a food depends primarily on its flavour. Both desirable and undesirable flavour effects are contemplated. Furthermore, threshold values of different flavour-active compounds have an important effect on the cumulative sensory properties of all foods. Meat from different species constitutes a major source of protein for most people. Although raw meat has little flavour and only a blood-like taste, it is a rich reservoir of non-volatile compounds with taste-tactile properties as well as flavour enhancers and aroma precursors. Non-vola tile water-soluble precursors and lipids influence the flavour of meat from different species. In addition, mode of heat processing and the nature of additives used may have a profound effect on the flavour of prepared meats. This book reports the latest advancements in meat flavour research. Following a brief overview, chapters 2 to 5 discuss flavours from different species of meat, namely beef, pork, poultry and mutton. In chapters 6 to 12 the role of meat constituents and processing on flavour are described. The final section of the book (chapters 13 to 15) summarizes analytical methodologies for assessing the flavour quality of meats. I wish to thank all the authors for their cooperative efforts and com mendable contributions which have made this publication possible.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - since the earliest results on the linkage between ras activation and cell transformation appeared a vast amount of additional information has been generated which emphasizes the importance of ras-related genes in membrane trafficking, cell proliferation, differentiation and cancer. These advances led to the development of new strategies for the diagnosis, prognosis and prevention of cancer. Ras-related genes appear to be central to the mechanism of transformation by other oncogenes and therefore constitute a focal point upon which attempts to intervene in the process of carcinogenesis will be concentrated. The present volume contains the contributions to the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the 'The Superfamily of ras-Related Genes' held in Agia Pelagia, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 1991. At this meeting the leading researchers in this field carne together to discuss the most recent progress in analysis of biological function of the ras-related genes. As an organizer I feel that the Workshop was a success, and would like to thank all the participants and the contributors to this volume. I thank the NATO Scientific Affairs Division, Brussels, the Greek Ministry of Industry, Energy and Technology, the International Center for Cancer Research, the National Hellenic Research Foundation and the Medical School, University of Crete for sponsoring the Meeting.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - This book is about compressing data to make digital systems work more effi ciently. According to the dictionary, when something is compressed, it is con densed, squeezed, constricted, or pressed together to fit into less space. Air is compressed for a variety of useful purposes. Businesses are downsized to make them more efficient. We pack our daily schedules tighter and tighter to accomplish more. Who has not crushed an empty soda can for recycling Many different things can be compressed, including the data in computers, communications links, consumer-electronics gear, and all sizes and shapes of digital systems. Are you curious about how data compression squeezes the 'air' out of digital bits Would you like to know where it is used and, increasingly, why the marketplace demands it be used Would you like to learn the right way to build data compres sion into your products Then, this book is for you. This exciting technology and its importance for current and future digital systems are explained in easy to understand terms. No previous knowledge of data compression is required because the necessary technical background is carefully developed. Neither is an extensive understanding of mathematics be cause there are few equations and important ideas are graphically illustrated. If you read any of the popular or professional monthly magazines that cover the latest advances in digital systems, your background is adequate. If you understand this preface, you are ready to tackle this book.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - The need for writing a monograph on polymer blends and composites became apparent during presentation of material on this subject to our advanced polymers class. Although the flood of important research in this area in the past decade has resulted in many symposia, edited collections of papers, reviews, contributions to scientific journals, and patents, apparently no organized presentation in book form has been forthcoming. In a closely connected way, another strong impetus for writing this monograph arose out of our research programs in the Materials Research Center at Lehigh University. As part of this effort, we had naturally compiled hundreds of references and become acquainted with many leaders in the field of blend and composite research. Perhaps the most important concept stressed over and over again is that engineering materials are useful because of their complexity, not in spite of it. Blends and composites are toughened because many modes of resistance to failure are available. Although such multimechanism processes are diffi cult to describe with a unified theory. we have presented available develop ments in juxtaposition with the experimental portions. The arguments somewhat resemble the classical discussion of resonance in organic chemistry, where molecular structures increase in stability as more electronic configura tions become available.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - Judging from the articles published in Biochemistry, magnetic resonance techniques (NMR and ESR) are now among the most popular methods in biochemical research. The series Biological Magnetic Resonance, the fifth volume of which we are proudly presenting, is intended to provide authori tative coverage of topics of current interest. Previous volumes have covered a number of aspects in a thorough and pedagogical fashion rarely found in other publications in this field. Continuing to fulfill the mission of the series, this volume presents a chapter by Baxter, Mackenzie, and Scott on the applications of carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy in investigations of methabolic pathways in vivo. Blom berg and Ruterjans give a comprehensive summary of the use of nitrogen-15 NMR in studies of systems of biological interest. Phosphorus-3I NMR investigations of enzyme systems are described by Rao. Tsai and Bruzik outline the principles of and summarize the state-of-the-art advances in the 18 use of oxygen isotopes e 70 and 0) in phosphorus-3I and oxygen-17 NMR studies of biophosphates. Lipid-protein interactions as reflected in ESR and NMR data are discussed by Devaux. We wish to thank the authors for their cooperation in maintaining the and continued high standards of the series.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - The American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) sponsored its second annual conference on nutrition and cancer. The theme was 'Exercise, Calories, Fat, and Cancer' and the conference was held September 4-5, 1991 at the Ritz Carlton Hotel in Pentagon City, Virginia. This proceedings volume contains chapters from the platform presentations and abstracts from each poster presentation. Relationships among physical activity, calorie consumption, energy expenditure, dietary fat, and cancer are described in the context of epidemiologic, animal, and in vitro studies. Dietary recommendations to lower cancer risk are based on expanding evidence relating nutrition and cancer. Identification of the precise dietary contribution to disease is complicated by the concurrent genetic and environmental contributions, in addition to the inherent difficulties in gathering and interpreting epidemiologic data. Individual variations in cancer risk are the result of differences in genetic and environmental factors including sources and amounts of calories consumed, metabolism, and energy expenditure. Human and animal studies describing independent and combined influences of exercise, calorie restriction, and dietary fat on carcinogenesis are reported in this volume.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - All the papers in this volume were presented at a conference on Transportation and Urban Life, held in Munich during the third week of September, 1975. The conference was sponsored by the Special Programme Panels on Systems Science and Human Factors of the Science Committee of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. The distinguishing characteristic of the conference and of this volume lies in the combination of systems science and human factors contributions in the field of urban transportation. The initiative for attempting such a synthesis came from the sponsors. It is increasingly realised that the complexity of contemporary problems which applied scientists are being asked to solve is such that the coordinated efforts of several disciplines are needed to solve them. The brief which we formulated for the conference and distribu ted in our international call for papers was as follows: 'The conference is intended to highlight significant psycho logical, SOCiological and economic aspects of transportation and urban life and to present new techniques which can be applied to these aspects and their interfaces'. Papers were invited in four topic areas: Communities (transportation problems in relation to social needs, residential planning, industry and c0l1lITlerce) ; Cities and large urban areas (the econOlnic environment, material fl~l, resources); Regional development and transportation (administration and management at the project and multiprogramme level); and Quality of life and transportation (noise, visual intrusion, severance, air pollution).

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - Microcloning of Microdissected Chromosome Fragments.- Transient Expression of Cloned Genes in Mammalian Cells.- Transposable Elements in Archaebacteria.- The Application of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism to Plant Breeding.- Antibodies Agains Synthetic Peptides.- Wheat -Amylase Genes: Cloning of a Developmentally Regulated Gene Family.- Yeast DNA Replication.- Chromosome Engineering in Wheat Breeding and Its Implications for Molecular Genetic Engineering.- Bovine Papillomavirus Shuttle Vectors.- Chemical Synthesis of Oligodeoxyribonucleotides: A Simplified Procedure.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - Evolutionary Biology, of which this is the eighteenth volume, con tinues to offer its readers a wide range of original articles, reviews, and commentaries on evolution, in the bro~dest sense of that term. The topics of the reviews range from anthropology and behavior to molecular biology and systematics. In recent volumes, a broad spectrum of articles have appeared on such subjects as natural selection among replicating molecules in vitro, mate recognition and the reproductive behavior of Drosophila, molecular systematics ofCrocodilia, evolution of the monocotyledons, and the com munication network made possible among even distantly related genera of bacteria by plasmids and other transposable elements. Articles such as these, often too long for standard journals , are the stuff of Evolutionary Biology. The editors continue to solicit manuscripts on an international scale in an effort to see that everyone of the many facets of biological evolution is covered. Manuscripts should be sent to anyone of the following: Max K. Hecht, Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367; Bruce Wallace, Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacks burg, Virginia 24061; Ghillian T. Prance, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - Genomic Footprinting.- Theoretical and Computer Analysis of Protein Primary Sequences: Structure Comparison and Prediction.- Affinity Chromatography of Sequence-Specific DNA-Binding Proteins.- Applications of the Firefly Luciferase as a Reporter Gene.- Fluorescence-Based Automated DNA Sequence Analysis.- Phosphorothioate-Based Oligonucleotide-Directed Mutagenesis.- Design and Use of Agrobacterium Transformation Vectors.- Cell Commitment and Determination in Plants.- Plasmids Derived from Epstein-Barr Virus: Mechanisms of Plasmid Maintenance and Applications in Molecular Biology.- Chromosome Jumping: A Long Range Cloning Technique.- Isolation of Intact mRNA and Construction of Full-Length cDNA Libraries: Use of a New Vector, gt22, and Primer-Adapters for Directional cDNA Cloning.- The Use of Transgenic Animal Techniques for Livestock Improvement.- Plant Reporter Genes: The Gus Gene Fusion System.- Structure of the Genes Encoding Proteins Involved in Blood Clotting.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - Teratology is at once among the oldest and youngest of human preoccupations. Coincident with man's first observations of the stars were his recordings of human and animal deformities. But, such aberrancies must have occurred even earlier, for although it is one of those things-like evolution-that cannot be proven, it is nevertheless indisputable that dysmorphogenesis must have occurred from the time complex forms of life first arose on our planet; and that from the beginnings of human awareness our species was conscious of such happenings. From the earliest recordings of this fascination with the form and meaning of abnormality a tortuous but continuous line extends to modern struggles to understand and control these manifestations. And now, after long occupying an honorable but peripheral place in the halls of philosophical and scientific pursuits, teratology has quite suddenly come to take a prominent position at the hub of a complex crossroads of human concerns. This shift in its fortune has taken several forms. Fetal maldevelopment has become the concern of environmentalists, activists of various persuasions, indus trial organizations, government agencies, ethicists, parents-i. e. , individuals and groups whose actions are impelled by apprehension. Such motives are of course not without basis; the trauma of thalidomide left a scar yet raw. For still others clinicians, academics, experimentalists-the upsurge in the interest in fetal mal development is at a different level, and their pursuits are broad, taking external agents as but one of the causes of defective development.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - Fifteen volumes and one supplement have now appeared in the series known as Evolutionary Biology. The editors continue to seek critical reviews, original papers, and commentaries on controversial topics. It is our aim to publish papers primarily of greater length and depth than those normally published by society journals and quarterlies. The editors make every attempt to solicit manuscripts on an international scale and to see that no facet of evolutionary biology-classical or modern-is slighted. Manuscripts should be sent to anyone of the following: Max K. Hecht, Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367; Bruce Wallace, Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061; Ghillean T. Prance, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458. The Editors vII Contents 1. Patterns of Neotropical Plant Species Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Alwyn H. Gentry Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Sites and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Sample Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Identifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Structural Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Community Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Floristic Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Dispersal Ecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Pollination Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Appendix. Sites and Communities Studied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 2. Evolution on a Petri Dish: The Evolved fJ-Galactosidase System as a Model for Studying Acquisitive Evolution in the Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . --. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Barry G. Hall Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Approaches to Molecular Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 The Descriptive Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 The Experimental Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Mechanisms for the Acquisition of New Genetic Material. . . . . 97 The EBGSystem a s a Model for Acquisitive Evolution . . . . . . . 98 The Unevolved Enzyme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, SIld disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) \* at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all con cerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an interna and broader dissemination. tional publishing house to assure improved service Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Cor poration of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 30 (thesis year 1985) a total of 12,400 theses titles from 26 Canadian and 186 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - Much of the information currently available on the transport systems of bacterial and animal cell membranes and their mode of coupling to metabolic supply of energy can be found in this volume. Consideration of the participating enzymes dictated the choice of topics: Several transport systems where little information is available on the enzymology of the process are not included, while separate chapters deal with y-glutamyl transpeptidase and intestinal disaccharidases which meet many of the requirements of transport enzymes. The volume also includes two chapters on photosynthetic membranes as a general introduction to the topic. Other aspects of biological transport and photosynthesis will be developed in detail in a forthcoming volume now in preparation. These chapters reveal the excitement and rapid advance of the field, the daily reports of new concepts, new techniques, and new experimental findings which instantly interact to generate further progress. Our aim was to provide a starting point for those who are just beginning, and an opportunity for others to stop, take stock, and start in a new direction. My warmest thanks to all who contributed to this volume.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - To meet the needs of an ever-growing world population for food and fiber, agriculture uses an arsenal of chemicals to control insects, weeds and other pests that compete with man in the agricultural arena. In addition to their intended effect, many of these biologically active materials affect non-target organisms including man himself. There is concern about the resulting occupational exposure of those who work in agriculture and the environmental health of those who live in rural areas. Unintended side effects from the use of agricultural chemicals are further complicated by the dispersal of these substances well beyond the area of immediate use, through food chains, atmospheric transport, irrigation runoff, percolation to and diffusion through ground water, sometimes giving rise to public health and environmental problems at a distance from the place of application. In addition to toxic substances introduced into the agro ecosystem by man, one must be concerned about naturally occurring agents including mfcotoxins, plant poisons, infective biological agents and the levels of certain heavy metals. The formation of toxic substances, many of them mutagenic, during cooking and other processing of food is a related problem. While acute effects are more immediate and somewhat readily discerned, chronic and genetic effects tend to be more obscure and sometimes surface in a crisis situation long after substantial damage has been sustained. Genotoxicity assays and epidemiological studies play increasing roles in predicting and evaluating long term effects of low-level exposure to toxic materials.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - On the understanding that few people ever read the preface to any book and also on the understanding that even those few people who do read the preface realize that virtually nothing of any substance is ever said, I shall write at such length as will be proportional to my expected readership. The meetings of the International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue provide a forum for discussion amongst scientists who, although being from very diverse and specialized backgrounds, have tissue oxygenation as a unifying theme of interest. The wide variety of research material presented in this volume and the multiplicity of the experimental techniques described, should serve as an adequate gauge to the range of expertise and knowledge of the society's members. Such diversity should also stress the importance of the need for multidisciplinary approaches to complex biological problems. In attempting a fundamental characterization of a biological process such as tissue oxygenation, the application of very many separate research skills are necessary, such as mathematics, engi neering, biophysics, biochemistry, physiology, histology and clini cal medicine. The success of the ISOTT has - and we hope - will con tinue to be causing a combination of individuals to direct their specialized knowledge to the many facets of a single proces- tissue oxygenation.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware -This book is about compressing data to make digital systems work more effi ciently. According to the dictionary, when something is compressed, it is con densed, squeezed, constricted, or pressed together to fit into less space. Air is compressed for a variety of useful purposes. Businesses are downsized to make them more efficient. We pack our daily schedules tighter and tighter to accomplish more. Who has not crushed an empty soda can for recycling Many different things can be compressed, including the data in computers, communications links, consumer-electronics gear, and all sizes and shapes of digital systems. Are you curious about how data compression squeezes the 'air' out of digital bits Would you like to know where it is used and, increasingly, why the marketplace demands it be used Would you like to learn the right way to build data compres sion into your products Then, this book is for you. This exciting technology and its importance for current and future digital systems are explained in easy to understand terms. No previous knowledge of data compression is required because the necessary technical background is carefully developed. Neither is an extensive understanding of mathematics be cause there are few equations and important ideas are graphically illustrated. If you read any of the popular or professional monthly magazines that cover the latest advances in digital systems, your background is adequate. If you understand this preface, you are ready to tackle this book. 432 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware -since the earliest results on the linkage between ras activation and cell transformation appeared a vast amount of additional information has been generated which emphasizes the importance of ras-related genes in membrane trafficking, cell proliferation, differentiation and cancer. These advances led to the development of new strategies for the diagnosis, prognosis and prevention of cancer. Ras-related genes appear to be central to the mechanism of transformation by other oncogenes and therefore constitute a focal point upon which attempts to intervene in the process of carcinogenesis will be concentrated. The present volume contains the contributions to the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the 'The Superfamily of ras-Related Genes' held in Agia Pelagia, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 1991. At this meeting the leading researchers in this field carne together to discuss the most recent progress in analysis of biological function of the ras-related genes. As an organizer I feel that the Workshop was a success, and would like to thank all the participants and the contributors to this volume. I thank the NATO Scientific Affairs Division, Brussels, the Greek Ministry of Industry, Energy and Technology, the International Center for Cancer Research, the National Hellenic Research Foundation and the Medical School, University of Crete for sponsoring the Meeting. 352 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - This volume collects most of the papers presented at the International Workshop on Robustness in Identification and Control, held in Torino (Italy) in 1988. The main focal point of the workshop was Unknown But Bounded uncertainty and associated robustness issues in identification and control. Recent years have seen a growing interest in studying models which include un known but bounded uncertainty. The motivation for dealing with such models is derived from robustness considerations. In many applications, some performance specification must be met for all admissible variations of the uncertain parameters. A second motivation for models with this type of uncertainty stems from the fact that the statistical description of uncertain variables may not be well known or even not suitable. For example, in some cases, only a small number of measurements is available and the resulting errors are due to analog-digital conversion, modelling ap proximation or round-off, so that a statistical description may actually be unreliable. The interest in unknown but bounded setting is certainly not new. In fact, en gineering practice demands for appropriate algorithms in dealing with finite sample properties, finite parameter variations, tolerance analysis, etc. Despite the natural need for such methods, the lack of sufficiently well assessed theoretical results and algorithms prevented a systematic use of these procedures until recent years. How ever, in the last few years, important advances have been made both in estimation theory and in stability analysis.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - Progress made in the last 20 years clearly indicates that the cell surface is an extremely dynamic structure involved in fundamental processes such as cell motility, innervation, and cell adhesion. Of particular interest is the finding that, in several tissues, the cell surface is differen tiated at the intercellular region, thereby providing communicating chan nels between apposing cells. Although our actual knowledge of the precise structures and mecha in the complex process of intercellular communication is still nisms involved scanty, evidence has been presented that ions and molecules diffuse from cell to cell, establishing a physiological continuum. Embryonic differentia tion, cell growth, neoplasia, electrical synchronization in nerve and mus cles, as well as immune response seem to be related to ceIl communication. In organizing this volume, it has been our intention to provide the reader with an actual review of the processes involved in intercellular communication in normal tissues as well as in neoplasia. We sincerely believe that the opinions and experiences described herein will be of help in establishing new perspectives for the future of this exciting new field of cell biology. We wish to thank all the colleagues who joined us in the organization of this volume, as well as Plenum Publishing Corporation for making its appearance possible.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - These Proceedinqs of the Midwest Conference on Endocrinology and Metabolism are being published by Plenum Press for the first time. Earlier Proceedings in the series Vlere published by the University of Missouri at Columbia. The shift to an internationally recognized pub lisher reflects the considerable growth in stature that the Midwest Con ferences have undergone since their inception nine years ago. Originally concerned only with the endocrinology of the thyroid, the Conferences now explore other endocrine areas. Efforts are made to assemble a panel of speakers selected from different sub-disciplines within endocrinology for the purpose of addressing a common problem. The Ninth Conference typifi es til i s approach. The format used in recent Conferences is not unique, but is unfor tunately encountered too rarely. A few prominent scholars are invited to come together to expound their findings and concepts in considerable depth, and to participate in a discussion which, together with the for mal presentation, is published in the Proceedings. The discussion, noted for its unhurried nature, permits wide participation by the audi ence. The subject of the Ninth Conference is one which is basic and im portant not only to endocrinology but also to biology in general. Many, possibly most, life processes change in a rhythmic fashion, with similar states recurring at regular time intervals. This rhythmic property of living systems expresses itself as a recognizable and definable pattern or 'time-form' in a manner equivalent to the more customary spatial form.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - Cooperating Heterogeneous Systems provides an in-depth introduction to the issues and techniques surrounding the integration and control of diverse and independent software components. Organizations increasingly rely upon diverse computer systems to perform a variety of knowledge-based tasks. This presents technical issues of interoperability and integration, as well as philosophical issues of how cooperation and interaction between computational entities is to be realized. Cooperating systems are systems that work together towards a common end. The concepts of cooperation must be realized in technically sound system architectures, having a uniform meta-layer between knowledge sources and the rest of the system. The layer consists of a family of interpreters, one for each knowledge source, and meta-knowledge. A system architecture to integrate and control diverse knowledge sources is presented. The architecture is based on the meta-level properties of the logic programming language Prolog. An implementation of the architecture is described, a Framework for Logic Programming Systems with Distributed Execution (FLiPSiDE). Knowledge-based systems play an important role in any up-to-date arsenal of decision support tools. The tremendous growth of computer communications infrastructure has made distributed computing a viable option, and often a necessity in geographically distributed organizations. It has become clear that to take knowledge-based systems to their next useful level, it is necessary to get independent knowledge-based systems to work together, much as we put together ad hoc work groups in our organizations to tackle complex problems. The book is for scientists and software engineers who have experience in knowledge-based systems and/or logic programming and seek a hands-on introduction to cooperating systems. Researchers investigating autonomous agents, distributed computation, and cooperating systems will find fresh ideas and new perspectives on well-established approaches to control, organization, and cooperation.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - The recent surge of interest in recombinant DNA research is understandable considering that biologists from all disciplines, using recently developed mo lecular techniques, can now study with great precision the structure and regulation of specific genes. As a discipline, molecular biology is no longer a mere subspeciality of biology or biochemistry: it is the new biology. Current approaches to the outstanding problems in virtually all the traditional disci plines in biology are now being explored using the recombinant DNA tech nology. In this atmosphere of rapid progress, the role of information exchange and swift publication becomes quite crucial. Consequently, there has been an equally rapid proliferation of symposia volumes and review articles, apart from the explosion in popular science magazines and news media, which are always ready to simplify and sensationalize the implications of recent dis coveries, often before the scientific community has had the opportunity to fully scrutinize the developments. Since many of the recent findings in this field have practical implications, quite often the symposia in molecular biology are sponsored by private industry and are of specialized interest and in any case quite expensive for students to participate in. Given that George Wash ington University is a teaching institution, our aim in sponsoring these Annual Spring Symposia is to provide, at cost, a forum for students and experts to discuss the latest developments in selected areas of great significance in biology. Additionally, since the University is located in Washington, D. C.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - The authors of the papers presented in this volume are either members of the International Study Group on Special Educational Needs or their representatives. This is a small seminar, convened by invitation, involving participants from the United Kingdom, North America, Europe and New Zealand. The membership is multi-discip linary and all the participants have a professional interest in some 'aspect of special educational needs. Several historical patterns played a part in the development of the seminar, one being the evolution in England and Wales of special education legislation growing out of the Warnock Committee Report. This legislation, in turn, has been influenced by the special education developments in the United States which led to the passage of 'The Education of All Handicapped Children Act,' Public Law 94-142, in 1975. A second theme, leading to the development of the seminar, was the growing interest internation ally in learning disabilities and the establishment at the University of Southampton in England of the Learning Disabilities Unit headed by Colin Stevenson. Discussions in 1979 and 1980 held at conferences of the Association for Citizens with Learning Disabilities, the Orton Dyslexia Society meetings and elsewhere led to the proposal for a small international seminar, meeting annually, which would be concerned with research and education in the area of special educational needs. The Lord Renwick, then Chairman of the British Dyslexia Associ ation, and Colin Stevenson took the initiative in proposing that an International Conference be held at the University of Southampton.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - This book is the proceedings of two symposia, on Proteins of the Nervous System and Myelin Proteins, held as part of the Third Meeting of the International Society of Neurochemistry in Budapest, July 1971. If confirmation of the utility for such a book was needed, it was obtained with the independent publication of a review on Proteins of the Nervous System (1) covering essentially the same ground. This review is an excellent collection of the earlier litera ture. The present volume summarizes the more recent advances in this field, and in addition covers those areas, glycoproteins and peptide hydrolases, which were not dealt with by Shooter and Einstein (1). We are most grateful to Miss V. Troeger for typing the man- scripts and to Mr. A. Landmann for assistance with photography. A.N. DAVISON I.G. MORGAN P. MANDEL (1) SHOOTER, E.M. and EINSTEIN, E.R., Ann. Rev. Biochem., 40 (1971) 635.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - The tendency of fungi pathogenic for humans to have shapes in tissue distinct from their usual saprophytic morphologies has fascinated the pathologist and medical mycologist for almost a century. A primary rea son for this fascination is the possibility that fungal duality of form, or dimorphism, may be an important virulence factor that allows the zoo pathogenic fungus to survive host defenses. A second reason relates to the desire to gain basic insights into the regulation of cellular develop ment and morphogenesis among the etiological agents of human mycoses. Many excellent treatises have appeared within the recent past dealing with fungal dimorphism. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that it may be beyond the capability of one or a few authors to review this subject adequately. Instead, the ever-increasing volume ofliterature asso ciated with fungal dimorphism and the diversity offungi now recognized to exhibit a type of dimorphism suggest that a volume comprised of con tributions by numerous researchers may be more appropriate. This per ception provided me with the motivation to compile a multiauthor volume.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - For many decades, cancer research concentrated heavily on 'or ganic' aspects of the disease and ignored the role of trace elements and minerals in carcinogenesis and tumor growth. However, in recent years, spectacular progress has been made in 'inorganic' cancer research: numerous inorganic substances were shown to possess car cinogenic properties. Quite unexpectedly, certain coordination compounds of platinum were found to have powerful antineoplastic properties, and a number of essential trace elements were demon strated to have profound effects on the genesis and growth of spontaneous, induced, or transplanted tumors. It therefore appeared desirable to call upon leading authorities in the field of inorganic cancer research to present their views in a conference dedicated specifically to their discipline. But since trace elements are nor mal constituents of foods, it seemed advantageous to include nutri tional aspects into the program. The fact that diet and nutrition influence tumor growth and development has been known or suspected for a long time. However, too little research has been done in this important field, resulting in a serious retardation of knowledge. Hence, this opportunity to cover nutritional aspects of cancer was taken, even though it was clear from the beginning that this broad field could not really be treated in the available time. It was necessary, for example, to exclude entirely the vast area of nutri tion as an adjuvant in cancer therapy, and even then, further limi tation of the scope of topics to be covered had to be made.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - The topic of biological response modifiers has attracted the attention of many biomedical investigators, including immunologists, oncologists, pharmacologists, microbiologists, and biochemists, as well as clinical practitioners of medicine. This has occurred mainly because of the realization that the complex system of cellular and humoral interactions culminating in a productive immune response is under exquisite regulatory control for normal immune responses and that loss of control may markedly influence the capability of a host to respond in a productive manner to the numerous immunologic 'insults' encountered in the environment. Furthermore, biological response modification is considered by many to be a natural offshoot of the relatively new application of 'immunotherapy' to cancer. It is widely recognized that 'immunotherapy' was practiced at the end of the last century and the beginning of this century when it was recognized that microbial infections were caused by distinct species of bacteria and that passive administration of serum con taining antibody to these microbes or their products could, in many cases, favorably influence the outcome of an infectious process.