James Armstrong is the author of three poetry books, Monument in a Summer Hat (1999) and Blue Lash (2006) and Empire (2023). He is also the co-author of a book of essays, Nature, Culture and Two Friends Talking (2015). Armstrong has published poems in Triquarterly, Gulf Coast, Orion, The Snowy Egret, The New York Times Book Review, Poetry East, Split Rock Review, Terrain.org, and elsewhere. He is a recipient of the PEN-New England Discovery Prize, an Illinois Arts Council Fellowship and a Minnesota State Arts Board Fellowship in poetry. Armstrong lives in Winona, Minnesota, where he was Professor of English at Winona State University for 24 years. He was Winona’s first Poet Laureate and is one of the founders of the Maria W. Faust Sonnet Contest.