With the Laocoon, Lessing brings the harvest of years of ancient studies. Starting from the individual example, the writing with brilliance pleads for the primacy of poetry as the 'further' art that releases imagination. The determination of the Lessingian basic thesis and the concrete-virtuosic handling of the ancient examples have already inspired the contemporaries - such as the young Goethe. The interest in the medial character of the arts, including aesthetic drawing theory, has given the Laocoon an unexpected new topicality. The letters, antiquarian contents are aftermath for this, mean differentiation of individual problems, combative confrontation. In them, Lessing in turn makes contributions to clarifying important problems such as that of ›perspective‹ in ancient art. Above all, however, he is concerned with the public aspect of scholarly employment, about the contrast between the ›antiquity‹ and the ›antiquity‹, i.e. the question: how to deal with the great ancient art tradition responsibly. The volume offers a carefully reviewed text and for the first time an in-depth commentary of these presupposed writings in their context.