Using 137Cs Resampling Method to Estimate Mean Soil Erosion Rates for Selected Time Windows (eng)
Language: English
Published by Springer, 2024
- Hardcover
- New
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- Title
- Using 137Cs Resampling Method to Estimate Mean Soil Erosion Rates for Selected Time Windows (eng)
- Author
- Porto, Paolo
- Publisher
- Springer
- Publication year
- 2024
- Condition
- new
- Binding
- Hardcover
- Language
- English
- ISBN 10
- 3031528069
- ISBN 13
- 9783031528064
- Item weight
- 0.39 kilograms
This book provides guidelines for using a new approach of resampling the Cs-137 radionuclide tracer which is used to estimate soil erosion rates. The Cs-137 resampling approach will improve significantly the use of the Cs-137 method for assessment of soil erosion, because resampling the radionuclide repeatedly (at least two times, but more sampling campaigns are possible) allows to avoid several methodological difficulties associated with Cs-137 method, namely the problems with small-scale spatial heterogeneity, the question of representativeness of reference site, reference samples, and inappropriate time extent of evaluated period. All these methodological problems are very important for reliability and accuracy of erosion rates estimated by Cs-137 method. If using single sampling approach, the small-scale spatial heterogeneity can be overcome by high number of sampling points, but this is time and labour demanding solution increasing the expenses of the erosion research. The representativeness of reference site is evaluated usually on the basis of expert judgement and knowledge of land use history of studied area, but this approach is often uncertain because the expert judgement can be subjective and the data on land use history is often not sufficient. Further, in many areas an appropriate reference site is not available, what limits the territorial extent of using Cs-137 method. The resampling approach offers its second sampling to be done in a proximate vicinity of the same points sampled during the first sampling campaign. A great advantage is the possibility to decide how long time windows should be investigated. Choosing the time schedule of first and second sampling allows to shorten the time window and adjust it to the study objectives. This is a great improvement of the Cs-137 method, because the time period since the Cs-137 fallout is still growing and thus if using the single sampling approach the results refer to still longer and longer time window(since the Cs-137 fallout until the sampling time), and this period (recently ca 60 years assuming the maximum Cs-137 fallout in 1963) is too long to represent stable land use, because land uses are changing over the time and having the same land use over six decades is rather rare. The improvement of Cs-137 method achieved by resampling approach is significantly contributing to understanding the erosion dynamics and estimating its rates under changing environmental conditions (such as land uses, weather), and it will bring a significant benefit to soil conservation programmes, because Cs-137 method is indispensable for assessing the medium and long term soil erosion rates, and this information is among the basic inputs needed for planning and designing soil conservation measures.
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About the Author
Lee Kheng Heng has a PhD in soil science from Massey University, New Zeeland, and has more than 30 years’ experience in soil-plant-water interaction research, agricultural water management, water use efficiency, integrated nutrient-water interactions and diffuse pollution control for sustainable agricultural production systems.
Over nearly 24 years, Dr Heng worked at the Soil and Water Management & CropNutrition (SWMCN) Subprogramme, in the Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, in Vienna, Austria. Since 2014, she was the Head of SWMCN Section, developing the overall strategy of the Soil Subprogramme. Dr Heng recently (October 2023) retired from the IAEA. During her working period at IAEA she coordinated a number of research project on various aspects of soil water management, developing new techniques of soil moisture measurement such as the cosmic ray neutron sensor (CRNS); using stable isotopes for identification of water pollution from agriculture; using fallout radionuclides (FRN) for assessment of soil erosion, etc. Further she was involved in a great number of technical cooperation projects transferring the nuclear techniques to developing countries, as well as giving lectures at IAEA training activities on new nuclear techniques. The work assists scientists in IAEA Member States to develop, validate and disseminate a range of soil, water and crop management technology packages through the use of nuclear and nuclear-related techniques.Her work span over all continents with special focus on tropical areas of Asia, Africa and Americas. She is the author and co-author of a huge number of research papers and several monographies, especially the methodological books on various aspects of nuclear techniques published by Springer and IAEA TecDoc series.
She was also working at FAO, Rome, Italy, on AquaCrop model, a crop water productivity model, simulating yield response to water of herbaceous crops, and the effects of environment and management on crop production and food security.Dr Heng won several awards for her professional achievements including the IAEA Superior Achievement Award, IAEA Merit Awards, IAEA Merit Promotion and the USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Outstanding Sustained Effort Technology Transfer Award for Outstanding Work in Technology Transfer to Users.
Before joining the IAEA, Dr Heng worked as a research associate at the University of Melbourne, Australia. Prior to that she worked as a Soil and Environmental Scientist at Landcare Crown Research Institute in New Zealand.
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