The quality of human life has been maintained and enhanced for generations by the use of trees and their products. In recent years, ever rising human population growth has put a tremendous pressure on trees and tree products; growing awareness of the potential of previously unexploited tree resources; and environmental pollution have both accelerated the development of new technologies for tree propagation, breeding and improvement. Biotechnology of trees may be the answer to solve the problems which can not be solved by conventional breeding methods. The combination of biotechnology and conventional methods such as plant propagation and breeding could become a novel approach to improving and multiplying a large number of the trees and woody plants. So far, plant tissue culture technology has largely been exploited by commercial companies in propagation of ornamentals, especially foliage house plants. Generally, tissue culture of woody plants has been recalcitrant. However, limited success has been achieved in tissue culture of angiosperm and gymnosperm woody plants. A number of recent reports on somatic embryogenesis in woody plants such as Norway spruce (Picea abies), Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), Sandalwood (Santalum album), Citrus and mango (Mangifera indica), offer a ray of hope for inexpensive clonal propagation for large-scale production of plants or 'emblings' or somatic seedlings; protoplast work; cryopreservation; genetic transformation; and synthetic or artificial or manufactured seed production.
The rapid progress made on somatic embryogenesis and its prospects for potential applications in improving woody plants prompted us to edit this book initially in three volumes, and now to add two more volumes. The editors were all convinced that such a treatise was needed and would be extremely useful to researchers and students.This Volume 5 has been divided into four sections and contains 18 chapters. Section A contains eleven chapters covering topics such as somatic embryogenesis in Ocotea catharinensis, Tilia spp., Swiententia macrophylla, Eucalyptus grandii and E. dunni, Gnetum ula, Araujia sericifera, Aralia elata, Hoheria angustifolia, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Indian tree legumes. Section B contains three chapters dealing with somatic embryogenesis in selected fruit trees, including kiwi fruit (Actinida sp.), avocado (Persea americana), and Prunus spp. Section C comprises two chapters related to somatic embryogenesis in commercial plantation crops such as tea (Camellia sinensis) and coffee. Section D has two chapters on genetic transformation of conifers, and somatic embryos of fruit trees and grapevine.
All the chapters have been peer-reviewed and revised accordingly to improve their quality.