This book provides results of analysis of typical solar events, statistical analysis, the diagnostics of energetic electrons and magnetic field, as well as the global behavior of solar flaring loops such as their contraction and expansion. It pays particular attention to analyzing solar flare loops with microwave, hard X-ray, optical and EUV emissions, as well as the theories of their radiation, and electron acceleration/transport. The results concerning influence of the pitch-angle anisotropy of non-thermal electrons on their microwave and hard X-ray emissions, new spectral behaviors in X-ray and microwave bands, and results related to the contraction of flaring loops, are widely discussed in the literature of solar physics. The book is useful for graduate students and researchers in solar and space physics.

About the Author

Guangli Huang got his PhD in purple Mountain Observatory (PMO). He has been working on solar radio and plasma astrophysics since 1985. He was the leading scientist of research group of solar activities in PMO during 1999-2010, the pre-doctorial fellowship of Smithsonian Institute of USA, the post-doctor of K.C. Wang and CNRS in France, and the Visiting Professor of MEXT in Japan. He won the second class prize of natural science of CAS and first class prize of science and technology of Beijing.

Victor F. Melnikov got his PhD and Doctor of Science in Radiophysical Research Institute, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. He is now working on solar flare physics and radio diagnosis of solar activities, as the principal scientist in Pulkovo Observatory of Russian Academy of Sciences. He was the Council member of CESRA and Solar Physics Division of EPS in 2007-2014, actively cooperated with American, Brazilian, Chinese, European, and Japanese colleagues.

Haisheng Ji got his PhD in Purple Mountain Observatory (2000) and was a post-doctor at Big Bear Solar Observatory during 2001-2004. He works in flare physics at optical and X-ray bands, as the leading scientist of research group of solar activities from 2011.

Zongjun Ning got his PhD from Physics department in Fudan University. He is now working on solar radio, X-ray, and EUV data, as the research professor in Purple Mountain Observatory. He was a post-doctor in Max Planck Institute of Germany.

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