The Real Gas Theory: The purpose of this book is to demonstrate that the ideal gas and equations of state as known until today have been presented incompletely. Once completed, by modeling as a diffusive flow, it becomes the only state equation to describe precisely the behavior of real gas. Conventional texts accept that when a gas is subjected to a change in temperature, the result is the excitation of its molecules’ kinetic energy. This is unanimously accepted, and this book is no exception. Based on the above, it is accepted that molecules collide and travel in a disorderly fashion, their path only dependent on the collision and the pressure resulting from millions of collisions against the walls of the container. This book demonstrates that, on the contrary, when molecules are excited, they travel in well-defined trajectories towards a determined geometry as a diffusive flow. This geometry is mainly defined by the spatial form in which heat is transferred to the system. As we know, gas possesses internal kinetic energy that is part of internal energy. Internal kinetic energy consists of molecular translational movement, molecular rotational movement, and molecular vibrational movement. Only molecular translational movement is measured by gas temperature. Based on this, molecules travel in well-defined trajectories towards a determined geometry as a diffusive flow in the opposite direction in which heat is transferred to the system. Gas pressure does not change by molecular collisions against a wall; it changes by molecules’ acceleration or deceleration. When heat is transferred between two molecules, they separate each other, and intermolecular forces stretch like a rubber band. The sense force vector remains constant between molecules, and when the heat reaches the second molecule, it starts moving exactly in the direction that intermolecular forces demand, in the opposite direction in which heat is being transferred. The rest of the molecules have the same behavior. Considering that when a real gas is subjected to a heat source, part of its enthalpy is transformed into kinetic energy as it expands or contracts, we will refer to this part of enthalpy as Momentum Enthalpy, and the adjustment is called Residual Enthalpy. Applying thermodynamic laws to the new equation ―Residue Enthalpy Equation―, another two emerge, the first one showing the pressure of a real gas maintained at a constant volume and the second one showing the volume of a real gas maintained at a constant pressure. These equations show the real gas behavior exactly since every molecular level factor that could affect the thermodynamic properties of gas has been taken into account by summarizing all the small effects into one macroscopic effect, which is the kinetic energy of the gas involved in the inertial term of the Residue Enthalpy Equation.

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