Public Welfare, Science, and Propaganda in Seventeenth Century France: The Innovations of Theophraste Renaudot
Language: English
Published by Princeton University Press, 1972
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- Title
- Public Welfare, Science, and Propaganda in Seventeenth Century France: The Innovations of Theophraste Renaudot
- Author
- Solomon, Howard M.
- Publisher
- Princeton University Press
- Publication year
- 1972
- Condition
- Fine
- Dust jacket
- Very Good
- Binding
- Hardback
- Language
- English
- ISBN 10
- 069105200X
- ISBN 13
- 9780691052007
- Seller catalogs
- France
Public medicine, popular education, state employment agencies, the diffusion of scientific and technical knowledge, the dissemination of information by the government―all these things are an indispensable part of the modern state. All were proposed in the seventeenth century by Théophraste Renaudot, who felt they were necessary to meet the new social realities of the time.
With the support of Cardinal Richelieu he was able to attack the problem of poverty in a new way by setting up the Bureau d'Adresse, which grew from an employment agency to a clearing- house for many social services, including free medical care. The discussions that were held there made it the most popular academy in Europe and the forerunner of the Académie Françise. At the same time Renaudot was editing and publishing the Gazette, an important instrument of government propaganda.
Howard M. Solomon considers each aspect of Renaudot's multi-dimensional career and examines the relationship between his activities and the needs and methods of the ministries of Richelieu and Mazarin. While they had Richelieu's support all his novel schemes flourished, but only the Gazette survived the Cardinal's death.
Originally published in 1972.
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Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
Public Welfare, Science and Propaganda in 17th-Century France
The Innovations of Théophraste Renaudot
By Howard M. SolomonPRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS
All rights reserved.
Contents
Acknowledgments, ix,
Preface, xi,
I. Early Career: 1586-1630, 3,
II. Public Welfare and the Bureau d'Adresse, 21,
III. The Conferences at the Bureau d'Adresse, 60,
IV. The Founding of the Gazette, 100,
V. The Content of the Gazette, 123,
VI. The F acuity of Medicine, 162,
VII. Last Years: 1644-1653, 201,
Conclusion, 221,
Appendices, 225,
A. Table des choses dont on peut donner & recevoir advis au Bureau d'adresse, 227,
B. "l'Ouverture des Conferences du Bureau d'Adresse ... Novembre 1634", 233,
C. La Présence des absens, 237,
Bibliography, 239,
Index, 275,
CHAPTER 1
Early Career: 1586-1630
In his 1626 Abrege des antiquitez de Loudun, Louis Trincant, Loudun's public prosecutor, boasted that his birthplace had been as fertile in great men and events as it was in beautiful buildings and crops. Permitting a certain amount of hometown bias, Trincant's zeal was still labored and excessive. Except for its relatively large population (14,000) there had been little to distinguish Loudun from similar regional centers: a decaying medieval donjon, an old wall which, in local legend at least, dated from the Roman era when the town was supposedly known as Juliodunum. Undisturbed by history, resigned to the periodic cruelties of famine and plague, Loudun had been left alone to enjoy the moderate prosperity and tranquility of the Poitevan countryside. Physically, economically, historically, Loudun was a nondescript town.
The religious wars of the sixteenth century would change all of this. In 1563 Loudun's Protestants received permission from Charles IX to hold public worship. Protestants represented a sizable part of the population, and by the 1570's were in the majority. By the mid-1580's the town was staunchly loyal to the armies and ideas of Henry of Navarre, the politique leader of French Protestantism. Religious antagonisms in Loudun heated during the decade, and intensified in 1586-1587 when the town was threatened with destruction by the troops of the Catholic monarch Henry III. The 1598 Edict of Nantes recognized the political rights of Loudun as a Protestant city, but religious enmities would long cloud town life. It was an exciting and challenging time to be born a Protestant.
Théophraste Renaudot was born at Loudun in 1586. This information comes from Renaudot himself; town records for the period are missing. The family name first appeared in a 1590 register, testifying that a Jehan Renaudot had attended a town meeting. This Jehan Renaudot, Théophraste's father, was originally from Burgundy or Anjou, and was Protestant. Records cite a baptism of his son Jehan, Théophraste's younger brother, in 1591. We do not know what the elder Renaudot's profession was, although he was successful enough to leave a solid patrimony when he died. The family home in which Théophraste was born still stands, and by sixteenth century bourgeois standards, appears comfortable and perhaps even large. Nowhere did Renaudot speak of his parents.
Renaudot wrote little about his childhood and schooling. By the 1590's Benedictines had established a public school at Loudun, but not until 1598, when Renaudot was twelve, could young Protestants attend their own public classes. Until then the Protestant community was serv
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