Contents: I. "Introduction," Robert E. Ward. II. "A Monarch for Modern Japan," John Whitney Hall. III. "Political Modernization and the Meiji Genro" Roger F. Hackett. IV. "Fukuzawa Yukichi: The Philosophical Foundations of Meiji Nationalism," Albert M. Craig. V. "Modernization and Foreign Policy in Meiji Japan," Marius B. Jansen. VI. "War and Modernization," Nobutaka Ike. VII. "Popular Political Participation and Political Development in Japan: The Rural Level," Kurt Steiner. VIII. "Elections and Political Modernization in Prewar Japan," Robert A. Scalapino. IX. "The Development of Interest Groups and the Pattern of Political Modernization in Japan," Takeshi Ishida. X. "Structural and Functional Differentiation in the Political Modernization of Japan," Bernard S. Silberman. XI. "Law and Political Modernization in Japan," Dan Fenno Henderson. XII. "Decision-Making in the Japanese Government: A Study of Ringisei" Kiyoaki Tsuji. XIII. "Reflections on the Allied Occupation and Planned Political Change in Japan," Robert E. Ward. XIV. "The Politics of Japan's Modernization: The Autonomy of Choice," Ardath W. Burks. XV. "Epilogue," Robert E. Ward. Index.
Originally published in 1968.
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Political Development in Modern Japan
Studies in the Modernization of Japan
By Robert E. WardPRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS
Copyright © 1968 Princeton University Press
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-691-00017-6Contents
Foreword — JOHN WHITNEY HALL, v,
I. Introduction — ROBERT E. WARD, 3,
II. A Monarch for Modern Japan — JOHN WHITNEY HALL, 11,
III. Political Modernization and the Meiji Genrd — ROGER F. HACKETT, 65,
IV. Fukuzawa Yukichi: The Philosophical Foundations of Meiji Nationalism — ALBERT M. CRAIG, 99,
V. Modernization and Foreign Policy in Meiji Japan — MARIUS B. JANSEN, 149,
VI. War and Modernization — NOBUTAKA IKE, 189,
VII. Popular Political Participation and Political Development in Japan: The Rural Level — KURT STEINER, 213,
VIII. Elections and Political Modernization in Prewar Japan — ROBERT A. SCALAPINO, 249,
IX. The Development of Interest Groups and the Pattern of Political Modernization in Japan — TAKESHI ISHIDA, 293,
X. Structural and Functional Differentiation in the Political Modernization of Japan — BERNARD S. SILBERMAN, 337,
XI. Law and Political Modernization in Japan — DAN FENNO HENDERSON, 387,
XII. Decision-Making in the Japanese Government: A Study of Ringisei — KIYOAKI TSUJI, 457,
XIII. Reflections on the Allied Occupation and Planned Political Change in Japan — ROBERT E. WARD, 477,
XIV. The Politics of Japan's Modernization: The Autonomy of Choice — ARDATH W. BURKS, 537,
XV. Epilogue — ROBERT E. WARD, 577,
Appendix: Results of Selected Japanese General Elections, 1892-1937, 593,
List of Contributors, 605,
Index, 607,
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
ROBERT E. WARD
It is frequently claimed that when historians of the future look back on the twentieth century they will identify it in terms of what we can now only hope will prove to have been its most prominent and meaningful manifestation as "the age of new states" or "the age of emerging nations." There is justification for such speculation about the role of our times in historical perspective. In 1900 there were only about fifty-four states that were commonly recognized as independent. Today this number has risen to over one hundred and eighteen, more than double the 1900 figure. The majority of these newer states fall in the category that, with varying degrees of euphemism, we describe as "underdeveloped," "emerging," or "developing." It seems appropriate, therefore, that in the mid-twentieth century social scientists should display a substantial interest in new states and their development. Economists have engaged in this sort of study for the last ten to fifteen years under the rubric of economic development. Political scientists have acquired a comparable and complementary interest only more recently, however.
"Political development" or "political modernization" — the terms are here used synonymously — is one of the newer and more fashionable organizing concepts under consideration by political scientists and social scientists in general. Although it has been widely discussed within the profession only since about 1960, the basic idea is, of course, not new. It is related to a vast variety and depth of earlier writings about general or specialized theories of social, economic, and historical change, evolution, or progress. Perhaps the only novelties that can be claimed for current speculation and scholarship in this field are the tentative, experimental, and hopefully scientific nature of mo
