Occurrence of Singularities in Open Universes. - [STEPHEN HAWKING'S FIRST PUBLISHED PAPER]
- Softcover
- Used
Seller: Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn ILAB-ABF, Copenhagen, DenmarkHerman H. J. Lynge & Søn ILAB-ABF
AbeBooks seller since November 2, 2000
Condition: Used
£ 4,732.65
Quantity: 1 available
Add to basketItem description from seller
(New York), American physical Society, 1965. Lex8vo. In the original printed blue wrappers. In "Physical Review Letters", Volume 15, No. 17, November 15, 1965. Small white paperlabel pasted on to top to back wrapper. Small blue line in ballpoint pen to back wrapper, not affecting text. A nice and clean copy externally as well as internally. P. 689. [Entire issue: Pp. 687-720]. Rare first appearance of Hawking's first published paper, published a year before his Ph.D. was approved. It signposted the beginning of the area of research in black holes and singularities in general. Shortly after the present paper was published, Hawking followed up with three other seminal papers, in which he applied the Penrose-singularity (that a gravitationally collapsing star will inevitably end in a space-time singularity) to the whole universe. This resulted in his famous conclusion that: "Yes, a universe governed by the classical (i.e., nonquantum) general theory of relativity must necessarily have started in a space-time singularity" (Kragh, Cosmology and Controversy).When Hawking began his graduate studies, there was much debate in the physics community about the prevailing theories of the creation of the universe: the Big Bang and Steady State theories. Inspired by Roger Penrose's theorem of a spacetime singularity in the centre of black holes, Hawking applied the same thinking to the entire universe and during 1965, he wrote his thesis and the present paper on this topic. "Hawking [in the present paper] realized that closed trapped surfaces, in its past version, will be present in any expanding Universe close to be spatially homogeneous and isotropic. This started a series of papers by him, Ellis, Geroch and others on the question of the inevitability of an initial singularity in our past if GR is assumed to hold and some reasonable conditions are met." (Senovilla, The 1965 Penrose singularity theorem).…
Seller Inventory # 56150
Bibliographic details
- Title
- Occurrence of Singularities in Open Universes. - [STEPHEN HAWKING'S FIRST PUBLISHED PAPER]
- Author
- "HAWKING, S. W.
- Binding
- Soft cover
- Seller catalogs
- Physics
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn ILAB-ABF
Copenhagen, Denmark
Shipping rates from Denmark to U.S.A.
| Item | 2 to 4 business days | 7 to 14 business days |
|---|---|---|
| First item | £ 0.00 | £ 0.00 |
Payment methods
- Bank Wire Transfer
- Paypal
Store description
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S was founded in 1821 and is the oldest antiquarian bookseller in Scandinavia. We specialize mainly in important and rare books in all fields of Science and the Humanities.
Specialty
Old & rare books, History, Science, Linguistics, Philosophy, Religion, Medicine, Law, Archaeology, TravelsAssociation member
Seller's business information
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
Silkegade 11
Copenhagen, Denmark 1113
Terms of sale
For sales inside The European Community: VAT (Value Added Tax) of 25% must be
added, unless we are provided with a registered VAT-no.
Books exported to countries outside The European Community are free of VAT.
Right of withdrawal
If you are a consumer you can withdraw from the contract in accordance with the following. Consumer means any natural person who is acting for purposes which are outside his trade, business, craft or profession.
Information regarding the right of withdrawal
Statutory right to withdraw
You have the right to withdraw from this contract within 14 days without giving any reason.
The withdrawal period will expire after 14 days from the day on which you acquire, or a third party other than the carrier and indicated by you acquires, physical possession of the last good or the last lot or piece.
To exercise the right of withdrawal, electronically fill in and submit a clear statement on our website, under "My Purchases" in "My Account". We will communicate to you an acknowledgement of receipt of such a withdrawal on a durable medium (e.g. by e-mail) without delay.
To meet the withdrawal deadline, it is sufficient for you to send your communication concerning your exercise of the right of withdrawal before the withdrawal period has expired.
Effects of withdrawal
If you withdraw from this contract, we will reimburse to you all payments received from you, including the costs of delivery (except for the supplementary costs arising if you chose a type of delivery other than the least expensive type of standard delivery offered by us).
We may make a deduction from the reimbursement for loss in value of any goods supplied, if the loss is the result of unnecessary handling by you.
We will make the reimbursement without undue delay, and not later than 14 days after the day on which we are informed about your decision to withdraw from this contract.
We will make the reimbursement using the same means of payment as you used for the initial transaction, unless you have expressly agreed otherwise; in any event, you will not incur any fees as a result of such reimbursement.
We may withhold reimbursement until we have received the goods back, or you have supplied evidence of having sent back the goods, whichever is the earliest.
You shall send back the goods or hand them over to Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn ILAB-ABF, Copenhagen, Denmark, without undue delay and in any event not later than 14 days from the day on which you communicate your withdrawal from this contract to us. The deadline is met if you send back the goods before the period of 14 days has expired. You will have to bear the direct cost of returning the goods. You are only liable for any diminished value of the goods resulting from the handling other than what is necessary to establish the nature, characteristics and functioning of the goods.
Exceptions to the right of withdrawal
The right of withdrawal does not apply to:
- The delivery of newspapers, journals or magazines with the exception of subscription contracts; and
- The supply of digital content which is not supplied on a tangible medium (e.g. on a CD or DVD) if you accepted when you placed your order that we could start to deliver it, and that you could not withdraw once delivery had started.
Shipping terms
Shipping costs are based on books weighing 2.2 LB, or 1 KG. If your book order is heavy or oversized, we may contact you to let you know extra shipping is required.