Chapter 1 Nuclear Shielding By R. B. Mallion, 1, 
Chapter 2 Nuclear Spin-Spin Coupling By R. Grinter, 67, 
Chapter 3 Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Liquids By M. D. Zeidler, 121, 
Chapter 4 Bandshape Phenomena in Liquids By T. Drakenberg and H. Wennerström, 141, 
Chapter 5 Multiple Resonance By W. McFarlane and D. S. Rycroft, 174, 
Chapter 6 Macromolecules By I. D. Robb and G. J. T. Tiddy, 202, 
Chapter 7 Liquid Crystals and Micellar Solutions By G. J. T. Tiddy, 233, 
Chapter 8 The Solid State By P. S. Allen and W. Derbyshire, 253, 
Chapter 9 Medium Effects By M. I. Foreman, 294, 
Author Index, 323,

CHAPTER 1

Nuclear Shielding

BY R. B. MALLION

1 Introduction

'The last thing one discovers in writing ... is what to put first.' This remark of Pascal (Blaise, that is — not the pioneer in the field of magnetic susceptibilities!) is the one which springs most immediately to mind as I take over the chapter on 'Nuclear Shielding' from Dr. Raynes, who contributed this chapter for the first three volumes of these Reports. I can, however, start by saying that I shall adhere, as far as possible, to the structure and general format of the Report which he very satisfactorily evolved over the past three years, i.e. it will be what the earlier Reports described as 'phenomenon-oriented rather than compound-oriented'. No major change has been made for two reasons: firstly, such a policy should be helpful to regular readers who, by now, have become accustomed to Dr. Raynes' presentation, and secondly, it seemed worthwhile to capitalize, as much as is proper, on the previous Reporter's very successful experimentation in this regard.

Adopting such a scheme has, however, presented a mild dilemma; whether to repeat, almost verbatim, the basic equations required for each of the separate phenomena discussed, or whether simply to cite the relevant equations detailed explicitly in the earlier Reports. The former policy would ensure that all the requisite information were in one volume, thus obviating the necessity for readers to refer back to the earlier Reports, and the latter policy would save space. Since this Report is meant to be a digest of the literature — in fact, the sort of compendium which (to use F. A. Cotton's quotation of J. S. Waugh's description of another eminently assimilable publication) 'one can read in bed without a pencil' — I have decided, somewhat reluctantly, to trade brevity for readers' convenience, and (again following Raynes' practice) have repeated all the basic equations which are pertinent to the appropriate discussion in the various sections of the Report. There are, however, some minor changes: I prefer to discuss chemical shift anisotropy in the section headed 'Basic Physical Aspects'; n.m.r. measurements relating to the concept of 'aromaticity' are discussed with 'ring current' effects (Section 4E), since authors frequently link these two subjects in the literature; and I have not been nearly so conscientious as Dr. Raynes was about distinguishing between the various sorts of 'transmitted effects' (e.g. the so-called 'inductive effects' and what are often dubbed 'resonance effects') discussed in Section 4. Finally, the section on 'Shieldings of Particular Species' (Section 5, devoted to 19F, 31P, and 'other nuclei') will tend more to be simply lists of papers reporting data, for those works concerning mechanisms or calculation of the shielding of such nuclei will have been dealt with earlier in the appropriate sections.

According to the Reviewer's 'brief', this Report should include articles on nuclear shielding which were published between June 1st 1973 and May 31st 1974. As before, only experimental and theoretical papers relating to nuclear shielding in isolated molecules have been considered [although, actually, this restriction has been somewhat arbitrarily relaxed in Section 2 ('Basic Aspects'), where I have wanted to discuss the effects of pressure and anisotropic media]; as was the case in the previous Reports, this policy precludes examination of purely experimental techniques of chemical shift measurement (covered in Chapter 4), the quantum-mechanical details of shielding-constant calculations, the mechanisms of intermolecular shielding effects (thus excluding consideration of all solution phenomena as well as the study of contact and pseudo-contact shifts and of weak complex formation, all of which are dealt with in Chapter 10). Studies in the nematic phase have also been excluded, except when such investigations have led explicitly to information concerning chemical shift anisotropy.

Some attempt has been made to include coverage of certain foreign-language journals; I hope, in particular, that the literature in the French language has been covered as adequately as that in English; I must, however, apologize in advance to writers in the German language for a less than satisfactory review of their work; and papers in Russian (unless available in translation or summarized in Chemical Abstracts) have had, regrettably, to be omitted from consideration entirely. Finally, during the period of writing, some journals were unavailable in the Reporter's library because they were being bound; apologies are, therefore, offered to the authors of any papers which are, thereby, overlooked.

2 Basic Aspects of Nuclear Shielding

A. General Theory. — Ramsey's familiar 'two-term' expression for the component, σαβ, of the shielding tensor of a given nucleus,

[MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (1)

where the superscripts 'd' and 'p' denote 'diamagnetic' and 'paramagnetic', respectively, is valid only for the very special case in which the gauge origin (i.e. the origin of the vector potential due to the uniform, external magnetic field) and the origin of co-ordinates coincide at the nucleus whose shielding is being calculated; a four-term expression that allows for arbitrary choice of the gauge origin but still requires the position of the nucleus of interest to be the origin of co-ordinates has been detailed by Raynes.' In last year's Report, Raynes gave a yet more general version of the Ramsey equation, applicable when the co-ordinate origin, the gauge origin, and the nucleus in question may be different points; for reference purposes these expressions are now repeated here.

The formulae which follow should be studied with reference to Figure 1. The origin of co-ordinates is denoted O, and the gauge origin is at G, related to O by the vector R. An infinitesimal 'test' dipole of moment μ is then placed at the pointf at which it is required to calculate the shielding (which point may, or may not, be the position of a nucleus). The kth electron is, at any given time, displaced from O by the vector rk; the nuclei are assumed to be fixed. An eight-term expression then results:

[MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (2)

In this expression, calculation of the diamagnetic terms (with superscript 'd') requires knowledge only of the unperturbed ground-state wavefunction, whereas the paramagnetic terms (superscripted 'p') are also a function of the excited-state wavefunctions (and are, thereby, that much more difficult to calculate). The terms bearing a superscript 'g' are gauge dependent, and will be zero only when the gauge origin and the origin of co-ordinates coincide. The superscript 'μ' refers to the point dipole, and terms containing this superscript are zero only when the dipole is located at the origin of co-ordinates. In giving explicit expressions for the terms on the right-hand side of equation (2), we again follow Raynes in using SI, which is now becoming more customary:

[MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (3)

[MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (4)

[MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (5)

[MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (6)

[MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (7)

[MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (8)

[MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (9)

[MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (10)

In equations (3) — (10), μo is the permeability of a vacuum, e and m are the charge and mass, respectively, of the electron; pk is the linear momentum operator for the kth electron and lk (= rk [conjunction] pk) denotes the orbital angular momentum operator for this electron. Wn represents the energy of the nth excited state, and the prime on the summations in equations (7) — (10) is meant to indicate a summation over all values of n except n = 0 (but including the continuum of states). The Greek subscripts denote Cartesian components x, y, and z; δαβ is 1 if α = β, and zero if [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] is 1 if (βγδ) is an even permutation of (xyz), – 1 if (βγδ) is an odd permutation of (xyz), and zero if any two of (βγδ) are identical.

In the conventional formulation of electromagnetic theory, the external magnetic field manifests itself in the expressions obtained as an electromagnetic vector potential. These potentials are, however, defined only to within the space and time derivatives of an arbitrary function and, in two papers which were discussed in a previous Report (and which have also been commented on by Moss and Perry), Weisenthal and de Graaf derived a new Hamiltonian formalism in which the coupling between the charges and the external fields is expressed in terms of multipole moments of the charge distribution and the field variables E(x,t) and B(x,t), rather than the usual expression involving the particle momenta and field potentials, φ(x,t) and A(x,t); they made the exciting (but perhaps somewhat startling) claim that by writing the Hamiltonian explicitly in terms of the field strengths rather than their vector potentials, any question regarding gauge invariance or best choice of gauge would be obviated. During the present review period, however, Woolley and Cordle have pointed out that such gauge difficulties are not avoided by making a unitary transformation to a formalism which is independent of the electromagnetic field potentials, and that neither of the formalisms of Weisenthal and de Graaf possesses the uniqueness that has been attributed to them. By a somewhat different reasoning, J. A. N. F. Gomes (Theoretical Chemistry Department, Oxford) has also shown that, unfortunately, the new Hamiltonian, which is apparently and superficially gauge invariant, does, in fact, implicitly involve a particular choice of gauge for the vector potential, and that it has, therefore, none of the advantages which have been claimed for it.

The general problem of 'symmetry-enforced' gauge invariance of nuclear shielding constants has been discussed in an important note by Okninski and Sadlej. Since it can be shown (e.g. ref. 11) that a gauge transformation of the vector potential of the external magnetic field merely changes the relative contributions of the diamagnetic and paramagnetic terms of equation (1) to the total shielding tensor σαβ, it has been thought that an appropriate choice of gauge might avoid completely the need for a calculation of the tiresome paramagnetic term σpαβ. For the very specific gauge transformation

[MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (11)

Chan and Das proved the existence of such a gauge origin, which ensures a vanishing paramagnetic contribution to the shielding. In the paper under discussion, Okninski and Sadlej have demonstrated that, for some symmetry species, the proof of Chan and Das loses its general character and that, under certain symmetry conditions, neither term in equation (1) depends on gauge so that the individual terms of the whole shielding tensor become accidentally gauge invariant. Furthermore, since this feature does not depend on the accuracy of the wavefunctions employed, when such a case arises (diagnosed by two formal theorems presented in ref. 10) gauge invariance of the shielding tensor cannot be used as a criterion of completeness of the basis set. In such cases, information about completeness of the basis set can be gleaned only by a study of the origin dependence of the magnetic susceptibility, since gauge-origin independence of σαβ does not guarantee gauge invariance of the induced currents and, hence, of the magnetic susceptibility tensor.

During the review period there has also been some discussion of relativistic and radiative interactions of many-electron atoms in an external magnetic field, and the derivatives of the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian to fifth order have been examined in the context of molecular properties in general (including nuclear magnetic shielding).

B. Basic Physical Aspects. — This subsection will be devoted to the results of a number of experiments, and some calculations, which have a direct bearing on the more fundamental aspects of nuclear shielding.

(i) Pressure and Temperature Dependences. A particularly extensive study of the temperature and pressure dependence of 129Xe chemical shift in xenon gas has been made by Jameson et al. Previous 1H, 19F, and 129Xe studies on gaseous systems showed that the chemical shift has an essentially linear dependence on density up to densities of ca. 100 amagat; in the range 30 — 250 amagat, the curve is of the form

[MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (12)

where, at room temperature,

[MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (13)

The work of Jameson et al. concerns experimental determinations of σ1(T) for pure xenon, over the temperature range 240 — 440 K. An accurate temperature dependence of σ1 is essential for determining the functional form of the shielding of two interacting molecules. It is found that the experimental values can be fitted by the following fourth-degree polynomial:

[MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (14)

where τ = (T/K) – 300.

The 1H chemical shift of hydrogen chloride has been studied as a function of temperature and density by Trappeniers and Ahlers. The quantity [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] was found to fit the following relation, below 293 K:

[MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (15)

(t/°C). The effects of temperature on the 13C shifts of benzene, cyclohexane, pyridine, neopentane, hexane, and heptane, in the range 283 — 343 K, as well as the temperature shift of 2H in D2O, have been studied by Litchman and McLaughlin. All shifts were found to be linear functions of temperature, within the experimental error. The pressure dependence of the 1H chemical shift of chloroform has been studied by Yamada et al. Although again slightly outside our somewhat arbitrarily restricted scope, two other papers are merely mentioned here, one concerning the temperature dependence of isotropic dipolar shieldings in oxygen and silicon, and the other concerned with 1H and 19F shifts as a function of temperature and concentration.

Raynes et al. have previously reported ab initio calculations of bond-length dependences of nuclear shielding in the hydrogen molecule and, by means of the method of Herman and Short, obtained an average over the nuclear motion which gave the shielding of H2 and its isotopomers (HD, HT, D2, DT, and T2) in their lower rotational and vibrational states: they thus deduced temperature variation of the shielding constants at low gas densities, in addition to the various isotope shifts. Unfortunately, however, no nuclear shielding data are available of sufficient accuracy to enable these calculations to be tested critically. Accordingly, in order to check their choice of wavefunction, the form of perturbation theory applied, and the Herman–Short procedure, Raynes et al. have been forced to consider very accurate calculations of some other property of hydrogen, magnetic susceptibility being selected. They have, therefore, calculated the magnetic susceptibility of hydrogen and compared their results with those of Kolos and Wolniewicz. Good agreement is obtained. They also tested the Herman–Short procedure for averaging over the nuclear motion by comparing the predicted susceptibilities of H2, HD, and D2 with those obtained by Jain and Salmi, once more with gratifying results. Meanwhile, Zeroka has also independently made a theoretical study of the variation of the diamagnetic properties — both susceptibility and shielding — of the hydrogen molecule, with internuclear separation. Studying the range of internuclear separations R, 1.0 — 12.0 a.u., he has applied his previously described variation-perturbation approach, using the wavefunction of Fraga and Ransil, accurate over this range of R. The shielding at Re = 1.4 a.u. is 27.095 p.p.m. For normal H2, the average over nuclear motion, where zero-point vibration and centrifugal distortion are taken into account, is <σ> = 26.760 p.p.m. at 300 K and varies little in the range 20 — 300 K. Zeroka's results for the magnetic shielding of H as a function of internuclear separation are shown in Table 1. The dependence of the paramagnetic shielding in diatomic molecules on the interatomic distance has also been investigated by Volodicheva and Rebane, who have obtained vibrational-rotational corrections of shieldings calculated by the 'vector potential variation method' for HF, DF, HC1, DCI, HBr, and DBr. Dixon et al., in continuing their study of one-electron properties, have generated LCAO-MO SCF wavefunctions for the methane molecule using a minimal basis set of SCF orbitals, and have used them to investigate the dependence of the diamagnetic shielding (and diamagnetic susceptibility) of methane on internuclear distance. The results are shown in Table 2, where the diamagnetic shielding of the proton is given in p.p.m., the C — H bond length, RCH, is varied from 1.3 to 1.5 a.u., and pH, the orbital exponent, ranges from 1.95 to 2.15.

(Continues...)

Excerpted from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Volume 4 by R. K. Harris. Copyright © 1975 The Chemical Society. Excerpted by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry.
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.

"About the title" may belong to another edition of this title.

PBShop.store UK

Fairford, GLOS, United Kingdom

5-star seller

AbeBooks seller since June 11, 1999

Shipping rates from United Kingdom to U.S.A.

Item	10 to 20 business days	10 to 20 business days
First item	£ 5.02	£ 5.02

Delivery times are set by sellers and vary by carrier and location. Orders passing through Customs may face delays and buyers are responsible for any associated duties or fees. Sellers may contact you regarding additional charges to cover any increased costs to ship your items.

Payment methods

Store description

**Please note our transit times are from the date of dispatch.** We first started out as “The Paperback Exchange,” a chain of physical bookstores where we would part exchange your beloved books for new stories to transport you to faraway places. However, as shopping started to evolve to online shops and marketplaces, we bid our stores goodbye to become “PBShop.” This transition has only allowed us to blossom as we now ship thousands of titles to book lovers across the globe. We pride ourselves in being a community of local book lovers which allows our passion and devotion to shine in everything we do. In 2020 we not only celebrated our 20th birthday but our 1st birthday as being completely employee owned after becoming an E.O.T in September 2019. We are proud to be different and embrace standing apart on a book mountain by working from a virtual inventory which allows us to provide thousands of books that may be difficult to get for your bookshelf or your studies. Working with a number of different suppliers allows us to explore other avenues such as puzzles, sheet music and even stationery so we really do have something for everyone. Life is about being versatile in all realms of existence. If this is your first purchase with us, or you are a returning customer, we would like to welcome you to the PBShop family, for there is no friend as loyal as a book. We are a company who put our customers at the centre of everything we do as we understand the importance of reading because once you learn to read, you will forever be free. There are a whole lot of things in this world of ours that we are yet to explore, which is why we will forever inspire curious minds.…

Specialty

Hardbacks, Paperbacks

Seller's business information

Pbshop.co.uk

Unit 22 Horcott Industrial Estate, Horcott Road
Fairford, United Kingdom GL7 4BX

Contact sellerView this seller's itemsView seller's storefront

Terms of sale

Returns Policy
We ask all customers to contact us for authorisation should they wish to return their order. Orders returned without authorisation may not be credited.
If you wish to return, please contact us within 14 days of receiving your order to obtain authorisation.
Returns requested beyond this time will not be authorised.
Our team will provide full instructions on how to return your order and once received our returns department will process your refund.
Please note the cost to return any unwanted order to us is borne by the buyer.
Should your order arrive damaged, not as advertised or faulty, we must be advised of this within 14 days of delivery. Please contact us so we can find the best solution for you.

Our Customer Care Team can be contacted by emailing alborders@paperbackshop.co.uk, or by calling our UK Office on +441285 712 917. We are available 9:00am till 5:30pm GMT Monday to Friday.

Right of withdrawal

If you are a consumer you can withdraw from the contract in accordance with the following. Consumer means any natural person who is acting for purposes which are outside his trade, business, craft or profession.

Information regarding the right of withdrawal

Statutory right to withdraw

You have the right to withdraw from this contract within 14 days without giving any reason.

The withdrawal period will expire after 14 days from the day on which you acquire, or a third party other than the carrier and indicated by you acquires, physical possession of the last good or the last lot or piece.

To exercise the right of withdrawal, electronically fill in and submit a clear statement on our website, under "My Purchases" in "My Account". We will communicate to you an acknowledgement of receipt of such a withdrawal on a durable medium (e.g. by e-mail) without delay.

To meet the withdrawal deadline, it is sufficient for you to send your communication concerning your exercise of the right of withdrawal before the withdrawal period has expired.

Effects of withdrawal

If you withdraw from this contract, we will reimburse to you all payments received from you, including the costs of delivery (except for the supplementary costs arising if you chose a type of delivery other than the least expensive type of standard delivery offered by us).

We may make a deduction from the reimbursement for loss in value of any goods supplied, if the loss is the result of unnecessary handling by you.

We will make the reimbursement without undue delay, and not later than 14 days after the day on which we are informed about your decision to withdraw from this contract.

We will make the reimbursement using the same means of payment as you used for the initial transaction, unless you have expressly agreed otherwise; in any event, you will not incur any fees as a result of such reimbursement.

We may withhold reimbursement until we have received the goods back, or you have supplied evidence of having sent back the goods, whichever is the earliest.

You shall send back the goods or hand them over to PBShop.store UK, Fairford, United Kingdom, +44 1285 712917, without undue delay and in any event not later than 14 days from the day on which you communicate your withdrawal from this contract to us. The deadline is met if you send back the goods before the period of 14 days has expired. You will have to bear the direct cost of returning the goods. You are only liable for any diminished value of the goods resulting from the handling other than what is necessary to establish the nature, characteristics and functioning of the goods.

Exceptions to the right of withdrawal

The right of withdrawal does not apply to:

The delivery of newspapers, journals or magazines with the exception of subscription contracts; and
The supply of digital content which is not supplied on a tangible medium (e.g. on a CD or DVD) if you accepted when you placed your order that we could start to deliver it, and that you could not withdraw once delivery had started.

Shipping terms

Orders are shipped from our UK warehouse. Delivery thereafter is between 4 and 14 business days. Please contact us if you have any queries about our services or products.

Privacy and security

We are committed to protecting the privacy and security of personal data. This policy tells you how we will collect and use your personal data, and what you should expect in respect of the personal information about you that we have collected.

We are PBShop.co.uk Limited (registered in England & Wales with Company No: 9366362). Our registered office is at Swatton Barn, Badbury, Swindon, SN4 0EU, United Kingdom.

The person with responsibility for our data protection compliance is the Managing Director and they can be contacted via email at help@pbshop.store.

We are the data controller of the personal data that we keep and use, and we are therefore responsible for making sure that our systems, processes and people comply with the relevant data protection laws in respect of that personal data.

We will act in respect of personal data to comply with the six principles of the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), which are:

Lawfulness, fairness and transparency;
Purpose limitation;
Data minimisation;
Accuracy;
Storage limitation;
Integrity and confidentiality.
You have rights in respect of how your personal data can be processed; these include the right to request:

a copy of your personal data;
that inaccurate data is rectified; and
that your personal data is, in certain circumstances, erased or restricted.
You have the right to complain to the Information Commissioner, which you can do by contacting the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) directly. Full contact details, including a helpline number, can be found on the ICO website (www.ico.org.uk). This website also has useful information on your rights and our obligations. However, please raise any concerns or issues with us first so that we may deal with this as quickly as possible for you.

COLLECTION, USE AND DISCLOSURE OF PERSONAL DATA
We collect and process data for the following reasons:

personal data collected and created in relation to our selling books and other items; and
personal data relating to our people (which means those people working for our company, or providing services to us, or potentially working or providing services to us, including employees, consultants, temporary or casual workers and contractors).
All of our people are required to abide by our Privacy Policy when handling personal data, and are provided with appropriate data protection training. Any breach of data protection will be taken seriously, and may result in disciplinary action.

Selling books and other items
COLLECTION:
We will collect personal information which may include names, addresses and other information for our customers. This will be done for the management of the commercial relationship with our customers.

We may collect this personal data from you directly, and also from third parties, including publicly available third party sources. Additional personal data will be collected as it is created by or supplied to us in the course of anything we do for you.

USE:
We will use the personal data in the course of making sales and to comply with requirements that we are required to undertake.

We will only use your personal data when the law allows us to. Most commonly, we will use your personal data in the following circumstances:

in performance of a contract (the agreement to sell books and other items); and/or
compliance with a legal obligation; and/or
vital interests of the data subject; and/or
where it is necessary for our legitimate interests (or those of a third party) and your interests and fundamental rights do not override those interests.
We may also use your personal data in the following situations, which are likely to be far less common:

where we need to protect your interests (or someone else’s interests);
where it is needed in the public interest or for official purposes.
DISCLOSURE:
We may share personal data with third parties as is necessary in the sale of books and other items, including to third party providers who deliver services to support the operation of our company.

In respect of all disclosures of personal data, we will only share the personal information which is necessary for the particular purpose for which it is provided, or where we have another legitimate interest in doing so, and we will ensure that the personal data is appropriately protected.

RETENTION PERIOD:
We will keep personal data only for as long as is necessary to fulfil the purposes for which we collected it, including for the purposes of satisfying any legal, accounting or reporting requirements. Normally, our retention period for personal data collected for this purpose is a minimum of 6 years after the end of the period that we are selling books and other items.

Our people
COLLECTION:
We will collect names, addresses, contact details, education and employment history, identity and other background checks (which may include appropriate criminal and financial checks and confirmation of the right to work in the UK), marital status and information on next of kin and dependents, financial information (such as bank details and NI numbers), date of birth, gender, a copy of your passport and driving licence, performance information and compensation history, recruitment information (including references), salary, benefits, pension and annual leave information, disciplinary and grievance information, photographs, information about your use of our information and communications systems and CCTV footage or other information obtained through electronic means.

We may collect and use special categories of personal data as required in the carrying out of obligations and exercising specific rights of us or the data subject in the field of employment. This may include information relating to matters such as health, racial origin, religious belief and offences or alleged offences.

Personal data may be collected from you during the selection process (for example via your application form and CV) and during your employment (including holiday forms, expense claims, performance reviews, any disciplinary or grievance processes), or from third parties, including referees, health service providers, background check providers.

USE:
Personal data of our people will be used for HR administration and management, both in respect of the selection of people to work for us (including suitability, eligibility and/or fitness to work), and those who do work for us, to include learning and development, disciplinary and security (of people, offices and data) requirements, providing and liaising with benefits providers, business management and planning (including accounting and auditing), paying you and dealing with tax and NI deductions, assessing and deciding on salary reviews and compensation, conducting performance reviews and managing performance, dealing with legal disputes involving you or others, preventing fraud, monitoring your use of our information and communications systems, ensuring compliance with our policies, and equal opportunities monitoring.

We will only use your personal data when the law allows us to. Most commonly, we will use your personal data in the following circumstances:

In performance of a contract with you; and/or
compliance with a legal obligation; and/or
vital interests of the data subject; and/or
where it is necessary for our legitimate interests (or those of a third party) and your interests and fundamental rights do not override those interests.
We may also use your personal data in the following situations, which are likely to be less common:

where we need to protect your interests (or someone else’s interests);
where it is needed in the public interest or for official purposes.
In respect of all disclosures of personal data, we will only share the personal information which is necessary for the particular purpose for which it is provided, or where we have another legitimate interest in doing so, and we will ensure that the personal data is appropriately protected.

In respect of special categories of personal data, we may process this in the following circumstances:

in limited circumstances with your explicit written consent; and/or
where we need to carry out our legal obligations and in line with our policies; and/or
where it is needed in the public interest (such as for equal opportunities monitoring or in relation to our occupational pension scheme), and in line with our policies; and/or
where it is needed to assess your working capacity on health grounds, subject to appropriate confidentiality safeguards.
Less commonly, we may process this type of information where it is needed in relation to legal claims or where it is needed to protect your (or someone else’s) interests and you are not capable of giving your consent, or where you have already made the information public. We may also process such information about our people (or former people) in the course of our legitimate business activities with the appropriate safeguards.

The special categories of personal data may be used in the following ways:

in relation to leaves of absence, to comply with employment and other laws;
in relation to your physical or mental health, or disability status, to ensure your health and safety in the workplace and to assess your fitness to work, to monitor, manage and administer benefits and absences;
in relation to your race, national or ethnic origin, religious, philosophical or moral beliefs, or your sexual life or sexual orientation, to ensure meaningful equal opportunity monitoring and reporting.
DISCLOSURE:
Personal data may be transferred to service providers who support the operation of our business (such as payroll service providers), to other third parties reasonably necessary in the conduct of our business (including insurers, professional advisors, regulators). These third parties may be acting as processor, or controller of personal data in their own right.

RETENTION PERIOD:
We will keep personal data only for as long as is necessary to fulfil the purposes for which we collected it, including for the purposes of satisfying any legal, accounting or reporting requirements. We will normally keep personal data of applicants who we do not employ for six months after we receive it.

We will keep personal data of employees throughout your employment and normally for a minimum of six years after your employment ends.

Changes to your personal data
It is very important that the personal information that we hold about you is accurate and current. Please tell us if your personal information changes during your relationship with us.

Data Security
We have put in place measures to prevent your personal data from being accidentally lost, used or accessed in an unauthorised way, altered or disclosed. In addition, we limit access to your personal data to those of our people and other third parties who have a business need to know. They will only process your personal data on our instructions and where they have agreed to treat the information confidentially and to keep it secure. We have put in place procedures to deal with any suspected data security breach and will notify you and the ICO of a suspected breach where we are legally required to do so.

Where we store your personal data
We principally store data, both electronically and on file, at our office.

Personal data may be transferred outside of the EEA by processors acting on our behalf. For transfers to countries not considered adequate by the EC, we will ensure that personal data is adequately protected, as required by the GDPR. This would include by use of the Standard Contractual Clauses adopted by the EC to protect personal data.

Your rights
Under certain circumstances, you have the right by law to request:

access to your personal data. This enables you to ask to receive a copy of the personal data that we hold about you and to check that we are lawfully processing it.
correction of the personal data that we hold about you.
erasure of your personal data.
object to processing of your personal data where we are relying on our legitimate interest and there is something about your particular situation which makes you want to object to processing on this ground. You also have the right to object where we are processing your personal information for direct marketing purposes.
restriction of processing of your personal data.
transfer of your personal data to another party.
Links from our website
Our website may, from time to time, contain links to and from the websites of third parties that we permit to make such links. If you follow a link to any of these websites, please note that these websites have their own privacy policies and that we do not accept any responsibility or liability for these policies. We recommend that you check these policies before you submit any personal data to these websites.

CHANGES TO THIS PRIVACY POLICY
Any changes we may make to our privacy policy in the future will be posted on our website, so please ensure that you are viewing the correct version.

Please contact us if you have any questions, comments or requests regarding this Privacy Policy.

Last amended May 2021.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Item description from seller

Bibliographic details

Synopsis

About the title

Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Volume 4

A Review of the Literature published between June 1973 and May 1974

The Royal Society of Chemistry

Contents