Nitrates Updated : Current Use in Angina, Ischemia, Infarction and Failure

Udho Thadani

ISBN 10: 0792334663 / ISBN 13: 9780792334668

Published by Springer Us Jan 1997, 1997

About this Item

Neuware - Nitrates remain among the most commonly used therapeutic agents in cardiology. That they can re lieve pain in angina pectoris has been known at least since 1867, when Lauder Brunton described their clinical use. Now, almost 130 years later, we are constantly learning more about their optimal use in anginal syndromes. For example, there is no doubt that nitrate tolerance occurs, but equally no doubt that certain drug dosages help to attenuate such toler ance. Thus, our understanding of nitrate tolerance has been taken further by the advent of new nitrate preparations and by studies at a basic science level. The current intense interest in nitrates has been rekindled by the growing emphasis on the role of the endothelium in the production of nitric oxide, a basic cardiovascular regulator. If nitric oxide is vasodilator and protects the vascular endothelium, then nitrates should also have similar properties. Hence this book starts off with the role of the endothelium and ni trates in vasodilation. Next, the mechanisms of ac tion of nitrates are considered with emphasis on the role of cyclic GMP. The chief limitation to the use of nitrates lies in nitrate tolerance. After carefully looking at all the evidence, the authors of the third chapter conclude that the mechanism is likely to be multifactorial. The mechanism responsible for the tolerance still remains unknown. In vitro tolerance may be due to enhanced production of vascular superoxide [1].

Seller Inventory # 9780792334668

Bibliographic Details

• Title: Nitrates Updated : Current Use in Angina, Ischemia, Infarction and Failure
• Publisher: Springer Us Jan 1997
• Publication Date: 1997
• Language: English
• ISBN 10: 0792334663
• ISBN 13: 9780792334668
• Binding: Buch
• Condition: Neu

About this title

Synopsis

Nitrates remain among the most commonly used therapeutic agents in cardiology. That they can re­ lieve pain in angina pectoris has been known at least since 1867, when Lauder Brunton described their clinical use. Now, almost 130 years later, we are constantly learning more about their optimal use in anginal syndromes. For example, there is no doubt that nitrate tolerance occurs, but equally no doubt that certain drug dosages help to attenuate such toler­ ance. Thus, our understanding of nitrate tolerance has been taken further by the advent of new nitrate preparations and by studies at a basic science level. The current intense interest in nitrates has been rekindled by the growing emphasis on the role of the endothelium in the production of nitric oxide, a basic cardiovascular regulator. If nitric oxide is vasodilator and protects the vascular endothelium, then nitrates should also have similar properties. Hence this book starts off with the role of the endothelium and ni­ trates in vasodilation. Next, the mechanisms of ac­ tion of nitrates are considered with emphasis on the role of cyclic GMP. The chief limitation to the use of nitrates lies in nitrate tolerance. After carefully looking at all the evidence, the authors of the third chapter conclude that the mechanism is likely to be multifactorial. The mechanism responsible for the tolerance still remains unknown. In vitro tolerance may be due to enhanced production of vascular superoxide [1].

Synopsis

The chief current clinical indications for the use of nitrates remain ischemic heart disease in all its manifestations, and as adjuvant therapy in congestive heart failure. One study has shown a 17% fall in mortality when IV nitrates are combined with the ACE inhibitor lisinopril. Nitrates alone had no effect, and lisinopril alone reduced mortality by 12%, so it is logical to propose that the ACE inhibitor reduces or minimizes nitrate tolerance. Second, it has recently been suggested that concurrent treatment with hydralazine avoids or lessens nitrate tolerance in the treatment of congestive heart failure, thus explaining the sustained effect exerted by nitrates when given concurrently with hydralazine. This review of current research in th euse of nitrates as cardiovascular drugs covers such topics as: mechanisms of action of nitrates; Short and long-acting oral nitrates for stable angina pectoris; Nitrates in myocardial infarction; and nitrates in congestive heart failure.