New Generation Vaccines : The Role of Basic Immunology

It is widely accepted that vaccination still renains the best answer to ITDst infectious diseases. Recently, vaccine developnent has been greatly facilitated by advances in ITDlecular and cell biology which have laid the foundations of a new generation of vaccines. '!hese are exemplified by submit vaccines produced through gene cloning and synthetic peptides mimicking snall regions of proteins on the outer coat of viruses and capable of eliciting virus neutralizing antibodies. However, submit and peptide vaccines are only weakly or non-inmmogenic in the absence of immunological adjuvants. The latter are a diverse array of agents that augment specific cell-mediated immune responses to the antigens and the formation of protective antibodies. '!his book contains the proceedings of the 3rd NATO Advanced Studies Institute (ASI) "New-Generation vaccines: '!he Role of Basic Irrmmology" held at Cape Sounion Beach, Greece, during 24 June-5 July, 1992. It deals with recent developnents in the understanding of inmmity at the ITDlecular and cellular levels and the application of such knowledge in the search for novel inmmological adjuvants and the fonnulation of new-generation vaccines for experimental and clinical use. We express our appreciation to Professor K. Dalsgaard and H. Snippe for their cooperation in planning the ASI and to Mrs. Concha Perring for her excellent production of the manu­ scripts. '!he ASI was held tmder the sponsorship of NATO Scientific Affairs Division and generously co-sponsored by SrnithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals (Fhiladelp,. ia). Financial assistance was also provided by Pasteur Merieux (Marcy L'Etoile), British Biotechnology Ltd.

Dedication. Preface. Acknowledgments. Clifford Geometric Algebras in Multilinear Algebra and Non-Euclidean Geometries.- Geometric algebra Projective Geometries; Affine and other geometries; Affine Geometry of pseudo-euclidean space; Conformal Geometry and the Horosphere; References. Content-Based Information Retrieval by Group Theoretical Methods.- Introduction; Motivating Examples; General Concept; Fault Tolerance.- Applications, Prototypes, and Test Results; Related Work and Future Research; References.- Four Problems in Radar.-Introduction; Radar Fundamentals; Radar Waveforms; Signal Processing; Space-Time Adaptive Processing; Four Problems in Radar; Conclusions. Introduction to Generalized Classical and Quantum Signal and System Theories on Groups and Hypergroups.-Generalized classical signal/system theory on hypergroups; Generalized quantum signal/system theory on hypergroups; Conclusion; References. Lie Groups and Lie Algebras in Robotics.- Introduction -- Rigid Body Motions; Lie Groups; Finite Screw Motions; Mechanical Joints; Invisible Motion and Gripping; Forward Kinematics; Lie Algebra; The Adjoint Representation; The Exponential Map Derivatives of Exponentials; Jacobians; Concluding Remarks; References. Quantum/Classical Interface: a Geometric Approach from the Classical Side.- Introduction Paravector Space as Spacetime; Eigenspinors; Spin; Dirac Equation; Bell's Theorem; Qubits and Entanglement; Conclusions; References. PONS, Reed-Muller Codes, and Group Algebras.- Introduction; Analytic Theory of One-Dimensional PONS (Welti); Shapiro Sequences, Reed-Muller Codes, and Functional Equations; Group Algebras; Reformulation of Classical PONS; Group Algebra of Classical PONS; GroupAlgebra Convolution; Splitting Sequences; Historical Appendix on PONS; References. Clifford Algebras as a Unified Language.- Introduction; Clifford algebras as models of physical spaces; Clifford Algebras as Models of Perceptual Multicolor Spaces; Hypercomplex-Valued invariants of nD multicolor images; Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References. Recent Progress and Applications in Group FFTs.-Introduction; Finite group FFTs; FFTs for compact groups; Noncompact groups; References. Group Filters and Image Processing.- Introduction: Classical Digital Signal Processing; Abelian Group DSP; Nonabelian Groups; Examples; Group Transforms; Group Filters; Line-like Images; Acknowledgments; References. A Geometric Algebra Approach to Some Problems of Robot Vision.- Introduction; Local Analysis of Multi-dimensional Signals; Knowledge Based Neural Computing; Acknowledgments; References. Group Theory in Radar and Signal Processing.- Introduction; How a Radar Works; Representations; Representations and Radar; Ambiguity Functions; The Wide Band Case; References. Geometry of Paravector Space with Applications to Relativistic Physics.- Clifford Algebras in Physics; Paravector Space as Spacetime; Interpretation; Eigenspinors; Maxwell's Equation; Conclusions; References. A Unified Approach to Fourier-Clifford-Prometheus Transforms- Introduction; New construction of classical and multiparametric Prometheus transforms; PONS associated with Abelian groups; Fast Fourier-Prometheus Transforms; Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References. Fast Color Wavelet Transforms.- Introduction; Color images; Color Wavelet-Haar-Prometheus transforms; Edge detection and compression of color images; Conclusion; Acknowledgments; References. Selected Problems; Various Authors.- Transformations of Euclidean Space and Clifford Geometric; Algebra; References; On the Distribution of Kloosterman Sums on Polynomials over Quaternions; References; Harmonic Sliding Analysis Problems; References; Spectral Analysis under Conditions of Uncertainty; A Canonical Basis for Maximal Tori of the Reductive Centrizer of a Nilpotent Element; References; 6 The Quantum Chaos Conjecture References; Four Problems in Radar; Topic Index; Author Index

Brenda McCormack is Senior Lecturer at Anglia Ploytechnic University cambridge, specialising in Information Management and Marketing.