Every city on earth carries two names. The first is the name you know — printed on maps, spoken by taxi drivers, heard in songs. The second is the name beneath the name: the buried word, the forgotten language, the erased civilisation that gave the city its identity before history rewrote it.

The Naming of the World: North America is the first volume of The Name Behind the Place — a ten-volume journey through five hundred cities and the hidden stories their names carry. This opening volume explores sixty-eight great American cities, from Boston to Honolulu, from New York to Hagåtña in Guam, asking a single question of each: what does this name actually mean, and what happened when it was given?

The answers are rarely what you expect.

Chicago is named for a smell — the wild garlic that grew in its marshy riverbanks. Las Vegas is named for meadows that no longer exist. Detroit means the strait, and the strait is still there, unchanged beneath three centuries of industrial history. Philadelphia was named for an ideal before a single building was erected. Portland, Oregon, was named by a coin toss in 1845; the coin is preserved in a museum. Phoenix is the only major American city named for a mythological creature — and the myth, for once, fits the archaeology precisely. Memphis was named for an ancient African city by men who built their economy on African enslaved labour. Oklahoma means red people in Choctaw — the displaced nations named their own territory of exile.

Organised into six geographic parts — New England and the Mid-Atlantic, the South, the Midwest, the West and Mountain, the Pacific and Territories, and a concluding section of the most extraordinary naming stories in the volume — each entry follows the same five-part structure: the name as the world knows it today; the buried etymology and the language that produced it; the specific historical moment of naming; the forgotten indigenous name that was displaced; and the larger historical truth that the name encodes. Every entry is a complete narrative of approximately three pages — long enough to tell the full story, short enough to be read in a single sitting.

The result is a book that can be opened to any page and read in any order. It is a work of popular history written for the curious reader who wants to know why the places they live in and travel through are called what they are called — and what it cost to give them those names.

Algonquin words for wild garlic. Spanish saints assigned by the feast-day calendar. French explorers recording a red boundary pole on a river bluff. Dakota words for water fused with Greek words for city. Irish Gaelic descriptions of a chieftain's big house, crossing the Atlantic in an aristocrat's title. Indigenous names erased, preserved, restored, and forgotten. The Chamorro capital of Guam, renamed by Spanish colonisers for three centuries, officially restored to its original name in 1998. The Hawaiian language brought back from the edge of extinction, its place names still accurate after a thousand years.

This is the history of America told through the names its cities carry — and through the names those cities replaced.

The Name Behind the Place is a ten-volume series covering five hundred cities across all inhabited continents. Volume 1 covers the United States and its territories. Subsequent volumes cover Western Europe, Northern and Central Europe, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, East and Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Oceania and the Pacific.

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The Naming of the World

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Synopsis