在任何情况下,对于因(1)使用本材料或依赖其内容,或(2)ISOQOL、其附属机构或任何编辑及贡献者在这里所出现的错误、不准确、遗漏、缺陷、不合时宜、违反安全规定或其它不佳表现,而导致的任何直接性、补偿性、间接性、偶发性、后果性(包括利润或业务机会损失)、特殊性,示範性或惩罚性的损害,ISOQOL、其附属机构或其任何董事、官员、成员、雇员、代理人、或本材料的编辑者及贡献者,均不会对任何使用者或单位负责或承担任何责任。

生存质量 (QUALITY OF LIFE,QOL)

此术语常错用来指健康相关生存质量或健康状态,它比单纯健康有更广泛的意义,包括物质享受、个人安康、关系、学习、创造性的展示、帮助和鼓励他人的机会、公共事务的参与、社交和休闲等众多成分。世界卫生组织把生存质量定义为个人在其所生活的文化背景中,与其目标、期望、标准和关注点有关的自身所处生活地位的感知。在健康研究的语境中,生存质量超越了健康状况的描述,是反映人们对健康状况以及生活中其他非医学方面的看法和反应。亚里士多德认为,生存质量是指一类最好、最快乐的生活,包括以下生活品质:(i)智力和理论思考(包括科学活动),被认为是快乐的主要形式;和(ii)务实或合乎道德的品质,包括勇气、节制、慷慨和公正等品质的表现形式。在现代语境中,这意味着一个人需要深思熟虑生活的各方面,以德行事,换而言之,既聪颖又美好。

结局 (OUTCOME)

在健康语境下,结局可以是个体的身体健康、情绪健康、精神健康或社交健康的某一个方面,可因特定的干预而变化,或因其他个人、健康或环境等因素的存在而有所不同。Kerr White建立了健康结局的5D (death, disease, discomfort, disability, dissatisfaction)一词,即死亡、疾病、不适、伤残、不满意)。更为现代的是死亡、疾病、伤残(含WHO的ICF框架中的不适)、不满意(对于过程或结局)和成本(或6D,穷困,可以是个人或医疗保健系统的匮乏)。

About the Authors

James McGill ProfessorDepartment of MedicineCollege of physical and occupational therapy McGill University Division of Clinical EpidemiologyDivision of Geriatrics at McGill University Health Center

ProfessorDepartment of Medical StatisticsSchool of Public HealthSun Yat-Sen University

Associate Professor School of NursingThe University of Hong Kong

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