Title: Hypernumbers and Extrafunctions: Extending the Classical Calculus (SpringerBriefs in Mathematics)
Publisher: Springer
Publication Date: 2012
Language: English
ISBN 10: 1441998748
ISBN 13: 9781441998743
Binding: Soft cover
Condition: New

About this title

Synopsis

“Hypernumbers and Extrafunctions” presents a rigorous mathematical approach to operate with infinite values. First, concepts of real and complex numbers are expanded to include a new universe of numbers called hypernumbers which includes infinite quantities. This brief extends classical calculus based on real functions by introducing extrafunctions, which generalize not only the concept of a conventional function but also the concept of a distribution. Extrafucntions have been also efficiently used for a rigorous mathematical definition of the Feynman path integral, as well as for solving some problems in probability theory, which is also important for contemporary physics.

This book introduces a new theory that includes the theory of distributions as a subtheory, providing more powerful tools for mathematics and its applications. Specifically, it makes it possible to solve PDE for which it is proved that they do not have solutions in distributions. Also illustrated in this text is how this new theory allows the differentiation and integration of any real function. This text can be used for enhancing traditional courses of calculus for undergraduates, as well as for teaching a separate course for graduate students.

From the Back Cover

Encountering problems that they were not able to solve, mathematicians, as a rule, introduced new structures, extending the existing ones and making possible to solve previously unsolvable problems. For instance, irrational, real and complex numbers were introduced to make possible solving all algebraic equations. The stimulus to develop the theory of hypernumbers and extrafunctions comes from physics. Exploring mysteries of the microworld, physicists often encounter situations when their formulas acquire infinite values due the divergence of the used series and integrals. At the same time, all measured values are naturally finite. A popular way to eliminate this discrepancy between theory and experiment was an artificial manipulation with formulas, which often allowed to get rid of infinite values. Another natural way to deal with such situation is to learn how to rigorously work with infinities and come to finite values given by measurements. Mathematicians suggested several approaches to a rigorous operation with infinite values by introducing infinite numbers. The most popular of them are: transfinite numbers of Cantor, nonstandard analysis of Robinson, and surreal numbers. However, all these constructions, which contributed a lot to the development of mathematics, especially, Cantor 's set theory, brought very little to the realm of physics. However, there is a mathematical theory called the theory of distributions, which allowed physicists to rigorously operate with functions that take infinite values. An example of such a function is the Heaviside-Dirac 's delta-function. Although at first physicists were skeptical about this theory, now it has become one of the most efficient tools of theoretical physics. In this book, we represent another rigorous mathematical approach to operation with infinite values. At first, the concepts of real and complex numbers are extended in such a way that the new universe of numbers called hypernumbers includes infinite quantities. It is necessary to remark that in contrast to nonstandard analysis, there are no infinitely small hypernumbers. This is more relevant to the situation in physics, where infinitely big values emerge from theoretical structures but physicists have never encountered infinitely small values. The next step of extending the classical calculus based on real and complex functions is introduction of extrafunctions, which generalize not only the concept of a conventional function but also the concept of a distribution. This made possible to solve previously unsolvable problems. For instance, there are linear partial differential equations for which it is proved that they do not have solutions not only in conventional functions but even in distributions. At the same, it is proved that all these and many other equations have solutions in extrafunctions. Extrafucntions have been also efficiently used for a rigorous mathematical definition of the Feynman path integral, as well as for solving some problems in probability theory, which is also important for contemporary physics.

"About this title" may belong to another edition of this title.

Store Description

Hello! Ria Christie Collections is an online venture that was initially set up in 2012 to sell books. We do not have a physical high street store. We are professional online booksellers. We only sell brand new books in perfect condition that we source from various suppliers and the publishers. Primarily, our aim is to provide an excellent service to all our customers. We always work as a team to achieve this. Our other objectives are to: 1. Ensure that all our products reach their destination quickly in a safe and secure manner 2. Answer to all our customer queries within 24 hours 3. Ensure that our customers are happy with their purchases 4. Provide all the items at a competitive price 5. Always listen to our customers Ria Christie Collections is not a registered company. It is a Sole Trader venture. Other key information is shown below: Contact Person Name: Rakesh Luchmun (Mr) Storefront Name: Ria Christie Collections Place of Establishment Address: Suite B; ARUN House; ARUN Building Arundel Road Uxbridge UB8 2RR United Kingdom E-Mail Address: riachristie@hotmail.co.uk VAT Number: GB 160 5650 25 We always work hard and aim to comply with all of Abebooks Policies. If you have any issues, please do not hesitate to write to us whether before or after a purchase. We promise to reply to you promptly and, in any case, within 24 hours. Thank you kindly! Yours sincerely Mr Rakesh Luchmun (Founder) and the Ria Christie Collections Team

Visit Seller's Storefront

Seller's business information

Ryefield Investments Limited
175 Pield Heath Road, Uxbridge, UB8 3NL, United Kingdom

Sale & Shipping Terms

Terms of Sale

All Returns and Refund are as per Abebooks policies.

Right of cancellation

If you are a consumer you can cancel the contract in accordance with the following. Consumer means any natural person who is acting for purposes which are outside his trade, business, craft or profession.

INFORMATION REGARDING THE RIGHT OF CANCELLATION

Statutory Right to cancel

You have the right to cancel this contract within 14 days without giving any reason.

The cancellation period will expire after 14 days from the day on which you acquire, or a third party other than the carrier and indicated by you acquires, physical possession of the the last good or the last lot or piece.

To exercise the right to cancel, you must inform us, Ria Christie Collections, Suite B; (inside) ARUN House; ARUN, Arundel Road; Uxbridge Ind Est, UB8 2RR, Uxbridge, United Kingdom, +44 7727654838, of your decision to cancel this contract by a clear statement (e.g. a letter sent by post, fax or e-mail). You may use the attached model cancellation form, but it is not obligatory. You can also electronically fill in and submit a clear statement on our website, under "My Purchases" in "My Account". If you use this option, we will communicate to you an acknowledgement of receipt of such a cancellation on a durable medium (e.g. by e-mail) without delay.

To meet the cancellation deadline, it is sufficient for you to send your communication concerning your exercise of the right to cancel before the cancellation period has expired.

Effects of cancellation

If you cancel this contract, we will reimburse to you all payments received from you, including the costs of delivery (except for the supplementary costs arising if you chose a type of delivery other than the least expensive type of standard delivery offered by us).

We may make a deduction from the reimbursement for loss in value of any goods supplied, if the loss is the result of unnecessary handling by you.

We will make the reimbursement without undue delay, and not later than 14 days after the day on which we are informed about your decision to cancel with contract.

We will make the reimbursement using the same means of payment as you used for the initial transaction, unless you have expressly agreed otherwise; in any event, you will not incur any fees as a result of such reimbursement.

We may withhold reimbursement until we have received the goods back or you have supplied evidence of having sent back the goods, whichever is the earliest.

You shall send back the goods or hand them over to us or Ria Christie Collections, Suite B; (inside) ARUN House; ARUN Building, Arundel Road; Uxbridge Ind Est, UB8 2RR, Uxbridge, United Kingdom, +44 7727654838, without undue delay and in any event not later than 14 days from the day on which you communicate your cancellation from this contract to us. The deadline is met if you send back the goods before the period of 14 days has expired. You will have to bear the direct cost of returning the goods. You are only liable for any diminished value of the goods resulting from the handling other than what is necessary to establish the nature, characteristics and functioning of the goods.

Exceptions to the right of cancellation

The right of cancellation does not apply to:

the delivery of newspapers, journals or magazines with the exception of subscription contracts; and
the supply of digital content which is not supplied on a tangible medium (e.g. on a CD or DVD) if you accepted when you placed your order that we could start to deliver it, and that you could not cancel it once delivery had started.

Model withdrawal form

(complete and return this form only if you wish to withdraw from the contract)

To: (Ria Christie Collections, Suite B; (inside) ARUN House; ARUN, Arundel Road; Uxbridge Ind Est, UB8 2RR, Uxbridge, United Kingdom, +44 7727654838)

I/We (*) hereby give notice that I/We (*) withdraw from my/our (*) contract of sale of the following goods (*)/for the provision of the following goods (*)/for the provision of the following service (*),

Ordered on (*)/received on (*)

Name of consumer(s)

Address of consumer(s)

Signature of consumer(s) (only if this form is notified on paper)

Date

* Delete as appropriate.

Shipping Terms

Orders usually ship within 2 business days. If your book order is heavy or oversized, we may contact you to let you know extra shipping is required. Thank you!

Shipping rates from United Kingdom to U.S.A.

Shipping rates from United Kingdom to U.S.A.
Order quantity	6 to 12 business days	6 to 12 business days
First item	� 11.98	� 11.98

Delivery times are set by sellers and vary by carrier and location. Orders passing through Customs may face delays and buyers are responsible for any associated duties or fees. Sellers may contact you regarding additional charges to cover any increased costs to ship your items.