Gold Deposits in Egypt : Geology, Settings, Types, Genesis and Spatiotemporal Distribution

This book aims at young generations of geoscientists, researches, and other professional specialists. The book is composed of a number of chapters addressing gold deposits in terms of their types, genesis, settings, and spatiotemporal distribution. Chapter 1 examines the tectonics and regional geology of the Egyptian Nubian Shield within the frame of the Arabian-Nubian Shield and the East African Orogen. Chapter 2 highlights gold deposit types and settings. Chapter 3 addresses the African Gold that is connecting north and south. Chapters 4 and 5 are dealing with ancient gold mining in Egypt and geographical analysis of the ancient Egyptian Turin Papyrus Map (1150 B.C). Chapter 6 reviews gold mineralization in the Egyptian segment of the northern continuation of the East African Orogen. Gold in volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits and orogenic gold deposits are presented in Chapters 7 and 8. The geologic setting and genesis of gold mineralization at the extreme SW- and S-Egyptian Eastern Desert are treated in Chapters 9 and 10. Chapters 11, 12, 16, and 17 demonstrate how to detect gold-bearing alteration zones in Egypt using remote sensing techniques, as well as how to recognize and map gold-bearing zones. Multi-stage hydrothermal processes at gold deposits, placer gold deposits, and gold deposits in Nasser High Dam Reservoir are given in Chapters 13, 14, and 15. Chapter 18 discusses the application of artificial intelligence in gold exploration. The Sukari Gold Deposit is dealt with in Chapter 19. Chapters 20 and 21 examine geochemical exploration and mineralogical characteristics of gold deposits and some gold mine tailings and their potential hazards. Chapter 22 is exploring the dream of wealth in the Egyptian Eastern Desert. The last chapters explore the role of microorganisms in the rehabilitation of ancient gold mines, Egyptian gold ore processing and extraction, and opportunities and challenges for gold investment in Egypt.

Zakaria Hamimi is Tectonics and Structural Geologist, currently at Benha University in Egypt, and has worked previously at Sana’a University, Yemen (1995–1998), and King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia (2003–2013). He obtained a B.Sc. (distinction with Honors) in 1984 at Assiut University, a M.Sc. in 1988 at Zagazig University, and a Ph.D. in 1992 in structural geology and tectonics at Cairo University. His research focusses on the tectonic evolution of the Arabian-Nubian Shield via structural/microstructural, paleostress, and strain studies. Zakaria Hamimi is President and Founding Member of the Arabian Geosciences Union, since 2012. His services to the profession include his roles as Associate Editor of the Egyptian Journal of Geology (1998–2002); Member of the Egyptian Universities Promotion Committee, Supreme Council for Universities, Egypt (2016–2019); and Secretary of the National Committee for Geological Sciences, Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (2016–2019).

Richard Jeffrey Goldfarb received his B.S. in geology from Bucknell U., M.Sc. in hydrogeology at University of Nevada-MacKay School of Mines, and his Ph.D. in geology at the University of Colorado. He was Research Geologist at the U.S. Geological Survey for 36 years. He has served as President of the SEG, Chair of the SEG Publications Board, Member of the Editorial Board of Economic Geology, and Chief Editor of Mineralium Deposita. He was awarded the SEG Silver Meda in 2011 and SEG Gold Medal in 2023, Kutina-Smirnov Medal by IAGOD in 2014, and the Gold Medal by SGA in 2022 for his various contributions to economic geology. Presently, Rich is Research Professor at China University of Geosciences Beijing and Colorado School of Mines and is Independent Consultant to the exploration and mining industry.

Dr. Biswajeet Pradhan, Distinguished Professor, is Internationally Established Scientist in the field of Geospatial Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing and image processing, complex modelling/geo-computing, machine learning and soft-computing applications, natural hazards, and environmental modelling. He is Director of the Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information Systems (CAMGIS) at the Faculty of Engineering and IT at the University of Technology, Sydney (Australia). He is listed as World’s Most Highly Cited Researcher by Clarivate Analytics Report for five consecutive years: 2006–2020 as one of the world’s most influential minds.He ranked number one (1) in the field of "Geological & Geomatics Engineering" during the calendar year 2021–2023, according to the list published by Stanford University Researchers, USA. This list ranks the world's top 2% most highly cited researchers based on Scopus data. He is Recipient of the Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellowship from Germany.

Yasser Abd El-Rahman is Professor of mineralogy and petrology at Cairo University in Egypt. He received his bachelor degree in Geology (1998) from Cairo University. After beginning his research on mineralization in the Eastern Desert of Egypt, he completed his master degree (2005) from the same university. Yasser Abd El-Rahman received a scholarship from University of Windsor to conduct his graduate studies on the Neoproterozoic ophiolitic rocks from the Eastern Desert of Egypt (Ph.D., 2009). In 2010, he began his academic career at Cairo University as Lecturer, and then, he was promoted to Assistant Professor (2017) and finally to Full Professor (2022). He was appointed as Assistant for the Egyptian Minster of Petroleum and Mineral Resources in 2012. He was an Alexander von Humboldt fellow at TU Bergakademie-Freiberg in Germany (2014-2015) and a PIFI fellow at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Science (2017-2018). He was a visiting researcher in the Department of Geosciences at University of Fribourg in Switzerland (2020) and in the Institute of Geosciences at Mainz University in Germany (2021).

Abdulrahman Fowler completed a bachelor of science majoring in geology at Sydney University, Australia, with first class honors in mineralogy, graduating in 1976. He completed a Ph.D. degree at the University of New South Wales, Australia, in 1988. The topic of the Ph.D. was tectonics and structural geology of part of the Lachlan Fold Belt of NSW. He has previously been employed at the University of New South Wales and at La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia. Prior to his doctoral studies, he was employed in the uranium and tin mining industries as Exploration Geologist in the Northern Territory, Queensland, and New South Wales. He has worked as Geological Consultant in gold exploration. He has conducted research projects in Australia, Turkey, Egypt, Oman, and the Emirates. His main research interests are in tectonics of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, sedimentary geochemistry, granite intrusion mechanisms, and strain analysis.

Amr Abdelnasser works as Associate Professor of mineralogy, ore deposits, and geochemistry. He primarily works at the geology department in the faculty of science at Benha University in Egypt. Currently, he is also affiliated with the geological engineering department in the faculty of mines at Istanbul Technical University in Turkey. In July 2016, he obtained a doctor of philosophy (PhD) degree from Istanbul Technical University (ITU) in Turkey. His Ph.D. research focused on ore deposits and geochemistry within the geological engineering program. His study focuses on several aspects of geology, such as mineralogy, ore deposits, geochemistry, ore microscopy, the genesis of minerals, igneous and metamorphic petrology, hydrothermal alteration, economic geology, and gold mineralization. He authored 20 publications in internationally recognized peer-reviewed journals, presented 34 conference presentations, and provided a contribution to a book chapter. He is Member of many professional organizations.

Mohamed Abd El Monsef is Associate Professor of economic geology (mineralogy and ore deposits) at Tanta University, Egypt. He got his B.Sc. degree from Tanat University, Egypt (very good with honor) in 2003, a M.Sc. in 2008 from Tanta University (Egypt), a doctoral degree (Ph.D.) of economic geology from Masaryk University, Czech Republic―Tanta University, Egypt, through bilateral cooperation program. He has had many short visits (up to one year/visit) as Post-Doctoral Researcher to Masaryk University (Czech Republic) and Middle East Technical University (Turkey). He has prompted to Associate Professor of economic geology in 2020 at Tanta University (Egypt). His research interests focus on the mineralization within Arabian-Nubian Shield (e.g.: Au, Ag, Cu, Sn, Mo, Mn, Fe, Nb, Ta, etc.). He published a total number of more than 20 publications in high reputation international journals. Mineral prospecting, exploration, and ore estimation are included in his research area of interest.