Synopsis
Durante los años noventa, Estados Unidos conoció un resurgir del crecimiento económico. Aunque este fenómeno se explica en parte por razones de ciclo, existen otras de orden estructural e influencia a largo plazo, en particular el papel del capital asociado a las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (ICT, según sus siglas en inglés), y la producción de activos en este sector. El contraste entre la tasa de crecimiento de Estados Unidos y el avance mucho más modesto de la Unión Europea se ha atribuido, en ocasiones, al retraso del Viejo Continente en el uso y la producción de activos relacionados con las nuevas tecnologías. Esta obra analiza el crecimiento, la medición del capital y las nuevas tecnologías. Para ello, reúne las ponencias presentadas y debatidas, a finales de noviembre de 2002, en un seminario internacional organizado por la Fundación BBVA y el Instituto Valenciano de Estudios Económicos (Ivie) en Valencia. Todas las ponencias se han sometido a un proceso de revisión y actualización antes de ser incluidas en el volumen. Esta colección de trabajos pretende facilitar el conocimiento y la comprensión de los factores que subyacen al crecimiento económico y a la mejora de la productividad de los años noventa y, en particular, al papel desempeñado por las ICT.
About the Author
Ronald M. Albers graduated in history from the University of Groningen and holds a PhD in economics from the same university, where he was affiliated to the Groningen Growth and Development Centre. He held positions at De Nederlandsche Bank and the European Central Bank, before moving on to the European Commission where he currently works in the Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs. His research interests and publications are mainly in the fields of investment and economic growth, international comparisons of productivity, business cycle analysis and the development of international capital markets. Bart van Ark is professor of economic development, technological change and growth at the University of Groningen and director of the Groningen Growth and Development Centre, an academic research group working on long-term economic growth and productivity. He is also associated with The Conference Board, a business research organization, as their consulting director for international economic research. He also consults extensively for national and international government agencies, including the Dutch Government, the European Commission and the OECD, as well as for private business. Julien Dupont studied at the University of Paris I (Panthéon-Sorbonne) where he holds a master in economics and methodology, and a PhD in economics and methodology focusing on the measurement of capital and monetary theories of the Swedish School of Economics. He has also taught courses in economics and statistics at the same university. He joined the OECD Statistics Directorate in 2000 where he is now primarily responsible for collection, verification and processing of capital services data in the OECD productivity database, and for collection, verification and processing of short-term economic indicators and methodological information for OECD non member countries (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russian Federation, South Africa) in Main Economic Indicators databases and publications. Ángel de la Fuente is associate professor of economics and vice director at the Instituto de Análisis Económico (CSIC), editor of Revista de Economía Aplicada and a member of the editorial boards of Investigaciones Económicas and Economic and Social Review. He has published numerous studies on growth and regional economics. Ignacio Hernando is an economist at the Directorate General of Economics, Statistics and Research of the Bank of Spain. His primary fields of interest are macroeconomics (in particular, the transmission mechanism of monetary policy), and the analysis of specific aspects of corporate behavior (investment, financial structure, price-setting decisions and productivity). Matilde Mas is a graduate and doctor in economics from the University of Valencia. Lecturer in economic analysis at the same university and senior researcher at the Ivie (Valencian Institute of Economic Research) since 1990, her specialist fields are growth economics, analysis of technological change and public capital, and regional economics. She has visited numerous research centers and has published eleven books and more than thirty articles in Spanish and international specialist journals. Johanna Melka holds a PhD in economics on The impact of exchange rate movements on the price of exporting companies: pricing-to-the-market behavior and the evidence of their macroeconomic consequences . At the time of the writing of Chapter 9, Johanna Melka was an economist with the CEPII. She has worked in the framework of contracts for the European Commission. Her latest publications with the CEPII include the papers coauthored with Laurence Nayman: TIC et productivité: une comparaison internationale , Économie Internationale 98 (2nd Quarter 2004) and Skills, Productivity and Growth: is ICT the Key to Success? , CEPII Working Paper 2003 04 (2003). Laurence Nayman holds an M.Phil equivalent in international economics from the University of Paris I (Panthéon-Sorbonne) and is currently an economist with the CEPII. She has worked on various issues of the European Union and the analysis of competitiveness. She has also been involved in comparisons of manufacturing output and productivity between France and Germany, and has spent the last two years working on ICT and productivity growth, namely in the framework of the EPKE contract (fifth framework). Among her publications are the papers coauthored with Johanna Melka: TIC et productivité: une comparaison internationale , Économie Internationale 98 (2nd Quarter 2004) and Skills, Productivity and Growth: is ICT the Key to Success? CEPII Working Paper 2003 04 (2003). Soledad Núñez holds a PhD from the University of Minnesota and is general director of the Treasury and Financial Policy General Directorate of the Ministry of Economy and Finance (Spain). Previously, she worked in the Research Department of the Bank of Spain focusing on financial markets and the term structure of interest rates and, latterly, convergence and productivity issues. Francisco Pérez is a graduate and doctor in economics from the University of Valencia. Currently professor of economic analysis at the University of Valencia and research director of the Ivie, his specialized fields are financial economics (banking and public finance), economic growth, regional economics and economics of education. He has published twenty-five books and over ninety articles in Spanish and international specialist journals. Dirk Pilat is a senior economist in the OECD and holds a PhD in economics from the University of Groningen. He joined the OECD in 1994, and his work has recently focused on economic growth and productivity. Since 1998, he has been a member of the editorial boards of OECD Economic Studies and Review of Income and Wealth. Recent OECD studies to which he has contributed include: The Economic Impact of ICT: Measurement, Evidence and Implications (2004); ICT and Economic Growth: Evidence from OECD Countries, Industries and Firms (2003) and The New Economy: Beyond the Hype (2001). Paul Schreyer studied with a research scholarship at the University of Birmingham, before going on to receive his doctorate in economics from the University of Innsbruck. He is division head at the OECD Statistics Directorate. He joined the OECD in 1988, after working for the IFO Institute of Economic Research in Munich and the Institute for Economic Theory at the Leopold Franzens University, Innsbruck. In recent years, his work has focused on productivity measurement and analysis, on which he has published a number of articles and monographs. Marcel Timmer is assistant professor at the University of Groningen. He obtained a PhD from the Eindhoven University of Technology for his study of The Dynamics of Asian Manufacturing . In 1999, he joined the Economics Faculty of Groningen University, where he teaches mainly development economics. Coordinator of the International Productivity Program of the Groningen Growth and Development Centre, he is also one of the coordinators of the EUKLEMS productivity project. He has published extensively in the area of technological change, productivity and economic growth. Ezequiel Uriel took his degree and doctorate at the Complutense University of Madrid. Statistician, professor of economic analysis at the University of Valencia and senior researcher at the Ivie, he has also been a visiting researcher at numerous universities. His specialized fields are the labor market, statistical information systems and forecasting techniques. He has published twenty-six books and is the author of over fifty articles in Spanish and international journals. Focco W. Vijselaar is a graduate of Groningen University and holds a postgraduate degree from Mannheim University. He worked at the Dutch Central Bank and the European Central Bank before joining the Dutch Ministry of Finance in 2003. He has co-authored several published articles with special interest in euro area developments, relating inter alia to the euro/dollar exchange rate, the synchronization of business cycles between EU countries, and productivity developments in the euro area. Edward N. Wolff has been professor of economics at New York University since 1974. He is also a senior scholar at the Levy Economics Institute and a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research. He served as managing editor of the Review of Income and Wealth (1987 2004) and was a visiting scholar at the Russell Sage Foundation (2003 04), president of the Eastern Economics Association (2002 2003), and a council member of the International Association for Research in Income and Wealth (1987 2004). He is the author (or co-author) of: Growth, Accumulation, and Unproductive Activity (1987); Productivity and American Leadership: The Long View (1989); Competitiveness, Convergence and International Specialization (1993); TOP HEAVY (2002); Retirement Insecurity (2002), and Downsizing in America (2003).
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