The trail from a major theft at the Banco Central de Chile in Talcahuano following the Great Chilean Earthquake of May 22, 1960 leads to Base Bernardo O'Higgins, a wind - and snow - swept Chilean Army outpost on the North Antarctic Peninsula. When Chilean Army 1SGT Leonardo Rodrguez fails to return from a seal hunt in the waters around the base, two Chilean Navy non-commissioned officers, CWO Raul Lucero and CPO Eduardo Bellolio, become LCDR Cristian Barbudo's prime theft and murder suspects. Fearing he will die, Barbudo reveals the identity of his two suspects to visiting scientist Ted Stone, thereby placing Stone's life in jeopardy. But who can Stone trust with this information, if it comes to that, to see justice done? This story is a work of fiction based on real events that took place between 1958 and 1965. It is a tale of greed, betrayal, and murder-one in which the reader is given a window into the frozen world at the bottom of the Earth that few people ever will read about, much less experience. Among other things, it explores why, though seemingly unfair, bad things happen to good people; how the battle between good and evil can change forever even the most innocent person; and most of all, the role deception plays in Nature, Man, and Life.

Frozen in Time

Murder at the Bottom of the WorldBy Theodore Jerome Cohen

AuthorHouse

Copyright © 2010 Theodore Jerome Cohen
All right reserved.
ISBN: 978-1-4520-0270-5

Contents

Preface...................................................................xiAcknowledgments...........................................................xiiiChilean Antarctic Bases — 1961-2....................................xivDeception Island, South Shetland Islands — 1829.....................xvI Return to the Highlands.................................................1II The Great Chilean Earthquake of 1960...................................7III Preparations ... And Second Thoughts..................................23IV Destination: Santiago..................................................35V Punta Arenas, Chile: Gateway to Antarctica..............................45VI The Shrieking Sixties: Crossing the Drake Passage......................63VII Nature's Deception....................................................79VIII Base General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme.............................89IX Unbridled Greed, Horrific Consequences.................................99X Death Stalks The Expedition.............................................115XI In Death's Grip........................................................155XII Rescued! But Who Can Be Trusted?......................................183XIII Return to Civilization...............................................201Epilogue..................................................................215

Chapter One

Return to the Highlands

Susan instinctively stomped her foot into the car's floorboard, put her hands up in front of her face, and yelled at her husband, "Watch out! You're going to hit him!"

Ted Stone, off in his own world, steered hard-left, narrowly missing the man pedaling his racing cycle toward them on the right side of the roadway. "Dammit! Why wasn't he going with traffic ... on the other side of the road?" Ted pounded the steering wheel with his right hand and cursed again under his breath, berating himself for almost causing what could have been a fatal accident.

As they continued up the road, Ted reflexibly reached down and rubbed the ugly six-inch scar on his left leg. Even the passage of more than four decades had not erased the outward signs of the tragedy that befell him that fateful day in February, 1962 while he was working on the North Antarctic Peninsula.

The trees on either side of the road had grown significantly during the intervening years. Certainly the brush and hedges had been through countless cycles of death and replanting. But by squinting in the late afternoon sun, Ted was able to project back to a time when, as a graduate student, he made the trip daily from his apartment on Madison's Lake Monona to The Highlands west of the city.

The trip was easier this afternoon than it had been in those days. Then, his 1959 Saab 93F, with its 3-cylinder, 2-cycle engine, the type that required a quart of oil to be added to the gas tank at every fill-up, labored up South Highlands Avenue, its exhaust pipe spewing smoke and emitting the distinct putt-putt sound of a lawn mower. Today, their large rental car slid effortlessly past the back entrance of Brittingham House, former headquarters for the University's Geophysical and Polar Research Center and now home to the president of the University.

In his college days, the dilapidated carriage house at the bottom of the hill behind the mansion was occupied by one of Professor Robert Meyer's graduate students and his family. On weekends, the student's old black Volvo, always in need of a valve job, could be found parked in front of the garage with its hood up, the student's legs projecting from the engine compartment while his ever-present black Labrador lay watching from the dirt under a century-old oak.

Not this Saturday. The carriage house was in pristine condition while the grounds were impeccably groomed, the lush, blue-green grass close-cut by the University's maintenance staff. The trees were trimmed as well. Ted was not sure when the Center vacated the mansion and moved to the main campus in Madison. No matter. The estate, an elegant Georgian-style house built in 1916, had been restored to its former glory and currently was used for official and charitable community events hosted by the president.

The scene was one of total order and serenity, a place where life for him had once moved forward in increments of time measured by weeks that merged into months, and finally, into semesters that cumulated in the award of degrees. It was a place where he had taken life for granted, with the knowledge that tomorrow would be much like today, which, in turn, would be a lot like yesterday. Worries that there might be no 'tomorrow' never entered his mind, until that trip to the bottom of the world. At the least, he thought, no one here is dependent on someone else for survival.

"It's hard to believe that more than forty years have passed since we last were up here, isn't it?" Susan asked rhetorically, brushing stray hairs from her forehead and taking a sip from a small bottle of water.

Yes, thought Ted, only half-hearing what she had said. His mind still was thousands of miles away, in Antarctica, where he almost had lost his life decades earlier and where troubling questions surrounding events of the distant past still haunted him on many a sleepless night. "Huh? What did you say?"

"I said, it's hard to believe that more than forty years have passed!"

"I'm sorry. I was just thinking about the people we knew then ... the people I worked with at the Center ... the people I traveled with to Antarctica. Where are they now? What happened to them? And what really happened that austral summer on the Ice?"

Some of his colleagues, unfortunately, had died, including the man who was his first major professor, Professor George Woollard, the Professor George Woollard—world-renowned expert in gravimetry and determinations of the geoid. When Professor Woollard heard that Ted was heading to Antarctica to help a graduate student in the Department of Geology collect rock and fossil samples for that student's doctoral thesis, he insisted—the professor maintained that he used 'gentle persuasion'—Ted take a gravimeter with him. Because there were few gravity measurements at the end of the North Antarctic Peninsula, a new gravity network needed to be established there. The data were needed to assist the University in developing an accurate representation of the Earth's gravity field.

The trip to The Highlands this afternoon was simply for purposes of seeing how the area had changed and of rekindling old memories, a mere side trip following a visit with some of Susan's former classmates who still lived in Middleton. Now, having seen Brittingham House and with their curiosity satisfied, Ted and Susan drove back to Madison's Edgewater Hotel, saying little. His mind still was almost totally focused on the autumn of 1961 and the months leading up to his departure for the Frozen Continent.

The Brittingham Estate brought back a torrent of memories of the four University of Wisconsin scientists who traveled to one of the most desolate regions on Earth. Memories of the two graduate students in geology, Grant Morris, a Canadian, and David Green, who was born and raised in Iowa; their major professor, Ethan O'Mhaille, PhD, a recognized expert in clastic sedimentology and earth history; and Ted, himself a graduate student in geophysics, and of the tightrope they walked between life and death decades earlier.

Morris had been Ted's laboratory instructor in Geology 1b in the spring semester of 1960. This was a year after Ted transferred from the School of Engineering to the School of Letters and Science in his junior year. Ted's need to take additional science courses for purposes of satisfying the School of Letters and Science's requirements for graduation, which led him first to freshman meteorology, then to freshman geology.

Ted, at six feet, was taller than the other students in the geology class; he was also twenty-one years old, three years older than most of his classmates. An extravert who was endlessly interested in others and what they did, he sought out and made friends easily. Before long, he and Morris, who was only a year older than Ted, struck up a close friendship.

Morris, of medium build, was quite handsome, and his female students flirted with him constantly. Always well dressed in slacks, a shirt with a button-down collar, tie, and cardigan sweater, he had a ready smile and answered questions in a straightforward and professional manner. He was the very model of a teaching assistant at a Big Ten University.

There was no question as to his scientific prowess. Morris already had made one trip to Antarctica, mapping an area near the tip of the North Antarctic Peninsula and gathering rock samples for his thesis. Single, he spent considerable time in his laboratory working on the development of his thesis or at his apartment studying. However, he also was known to enjoy a good night on the town with his girlfriend, Vivian, a UW senior.

Geology 1b proved to be no challenge for Ted. He easily mastered the material, leaving time during class for him and Morris to discuss Morris's PhD dissertation, or more to the point, Morris's field work in Antarctica. One day, early in May, 1960, Grant approached Ted.

"Hey, Ted, I'm returning to Antarctica in December, 1961," Morris began, "and I'll need an assistant. Are you interested?"

Was he interested? "Hell, yes!

"The timing is perfect, Grant. I'll be completing my Bachelor's degree this summer and starting my Master's degree in September. I should finish by August and be ready to join you!"

"Sounds good to me," said Professor O'Mhaille, when apprised of their plan. And so, Morris, together with Green and Professor O'Mhaille, continued to make preparations through the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Government of Chile for the University of Wisconsin–Madison team to join the 16th Chilean Expedition to the Antarctic. Meanwhile, Ted worked on completing his Bachelor's degree, and then, continued on with his Master's. Once that was completed, he formally declared his major in Geophysics and joined the University's Geophysical and Polar Research Center to begin preparations for the trip south.

Chapter Two

The Great Chilean Earthquake of 1960

It was early afternoon, Sunday, May 22, 1960, a sunny, warm day in Madison, with a high in the mid-70s Fahrenheit and light westerly winds. Six thousand miles to the south, all hell was about to break loose.

At precisely 2:11 PM Chilean time, an earthquake measuring 9.5 on the Richter scale, the largest earthquake recorded since seismographic monitoring began, struck Valdivia, Chile. A swarm of foreshocks the previous day, some as large as magnitude 8.0, gave warning of impending disaster, but there was no way of predicting when or where the mainshock would strike or how much energy it would release. The Great Chilean Earthquake, or Valdivia Earthquake, as it is called, was related to fault ruptures from Talcahuano to Peninsula de Taitao, Chile.

Talcahuano, in Chile's Central Zone, is home to the country's main naval base. Thus, when President Cristian Alessandri declared a National Emergency, the full capabilities of the Chilean Navy stationed there were ordered to assist the civilian population of the city. One ship that charged toward Talcahuano was the auxiliary fleet tug Lientur under the command of Captain Roberto Muñoz.

Muñoz, a tall, athletic-looking man with steel-gray eyes and a serious demeanor, was in his mid-30s. A bachelor, he was an honor graduate of the Chilean Naval Academy and an experienced ship's captain. Though born into poverty—his father's employer, owner of one of the country's largest copper mines, sponsored him for admission to the Naval Academy—he was considered by many to be destined for flag command. Muñoz had been passed over once for lieutenant-commander. Some say a ranking member of the Promotion Board, an elitist, liked neither his background nor the manner in which he gained entrance to the Academy. However, the unexplained early retirement of that Board member, a vice admiral, several months after Muñoz's appearance before the Board, cleared the way for his promotion to lieutenant-commander and subsequent promotion to corvette captain.

Well-respected by all who knew him, the captain gave 200 percent of himself to his mission, his ship, and his crew, which explains much about his life, including his broken nose. "Oh, that?" he would say, matter-of-factly, without cracking a smile. "I collided with the opposing side's goalie on the Academy's fútbol field. It was an unfortunate accident that sent him to the hospital with three broken ribs and a collapsed lung. When you near the goal line, mi amigo, nothing must stand in your way. Nothing!"

Muñoz, some said, was a born leader. He spoke with authority and commanded not only for reasons based on his rank and position, but also on his ability to motivate his crew and to convince them of their ability to achieve uncommon results, even when faced with the most difficult of challenges. Above all, his 'force of character' gave him the ability to ask his men to follow him into situations fraught with risk ... situations that could, in the extreme, threaten their very lives as well as the safety of the Lientur itself.

Among the Lientur's complement of five 0fficers and forty enlisted men were two non-commissioned officers, Chief Warrant Officer (CWO) Raul Lucero and Chief Petty Officer (CPO) Eduardo Bellolio. They had signed on for three-year tours of duty in late 1959 and were scheduled to participate with their vessel in the 16th Expedition to the Antarctic. Though both were slightly over five feet tall, Lucero was by far the heavier—stout, actually—weighing some twenty pounds more than Bellolio. Lucero had a full head of black hair and massive, muscular arms developed over years of working in naval construction. Aside from one drooping eyelid, the result of a childhood accident, he was a fine physical condition for a man in his late thirties.

Lucero had risen rapidly within the enlisted ranks. Though a chief warrant officer, his record was not without blemishes. In mid-1954, the Navy's Office of Internal Affairs found evidence of him apparently having facilitated the transfer of naval supplies to the Chilean black market. Lucero bragged, "The Navy couldn't hang a thing on me."

He was correct. The trail left behind by whomever was responsible was so complex and convoluted that investigators never were able to determine exactly what was taken from at least two Fleet Warehouses, much less the final destinations of the items stolen. There were indications that a naval officer as well as people outside the Navy may have been involved. However, the evidence was so 'thin' that naval investigators came away empty-handed.

In the end, no action was taken against Lucero or anyone else. After four years of monitoring the suspects' activities, Internal Affairs dropped the matter.

Bellolio was slightly built and a year younger than Lucero. He tended to be hot-tempered and impulsive, thinking little about the consequences of his actions. Though physically agile, he bore a two-inch scar across his left cheek, a constant reminder that others were just as quick as he was with una navaja de muelle.

While Bellolio might not admit it, it was Lucero who often kept him out of trouble. "Come on, Eduardo," Lucero would say, "at least keep your brass polished and your shoes shined so you don't get no demerits during inspection." Without Lucero's help, Bellolio, though proficient at performing his assigned tasks, would most certainly have spent more time than he already did peeling potatoes in the galley.

Both men were covered with tattoos, products of the many parlors found in every port they visited. To them, the artful mementos that adorned their bodies were signs of machismo, something to be shared proudly with their brothers-in-arms. The works of art on their bodies depicted their loves, hates, triumphs, and love of country. Lucero was particularly proud of one faded black tattoo glorifying Death that could be found high on his upper left arm.

Neither man had been married, though each had girlfriends in many ports. "I can't wait to return to Punta Arenas," said Lucero. He and Bellolio were making small talk while standing on the stern of the Lientur as it steamed at full speed from the waters off Chile's Easter Island toward Talcahuano. "I want to pay a visit to Lucy's! You know, Eduardo, you can always have a good time there as long as you are careful about how much money you take with you and how much you drank."

Bellolio was thinking about Lucy's as well. "I'll go back to Lucy's, Raul, you can be sure of that, but it won't be to dance." He was picturing in his mind's eye the young brunette in the red gown who had gotten him drunk during his last visit to that house of prostitution, the one who took two month's pay from his wallet after he passed out on her bed. I have a score to settle, he thought, all the while fingering the folded switchblade knife in his pocket. She's lucky I didn't discover the money was missing until we were at sea, or she'd already be dead!

The typewriter was Lucero's and Bellolio's military weapon of choice. Each wielded this instrument based on more than two decades of experience manipulating 'the system' to their advantage. Give either of them a typewriter and within a short period of time, the movement of men and supplies throughout the Chilean Navy could be accomplished with a few lightning-fast keystrokes. Lucero, however, had elevated his mastery of manipulating the Navy's transportation and warehousing system to an art.

(Continues...)

Excerpted from Frozen in Timeby Theodore Jerome Cohen Copyright © 2010 by Theodore Jerome Cohen. Excerpted by permission of AuthorHouse. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
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