Consensus: Fueling Blockchain Innovation and DApp Expansion

Consensus: Fueling Blockchain Innovation and DApp Expansion explores the complexities of consensus mechanisms in order to shed light on emerging trends, best practices, and real-world applications that can fuel blockchain innovation while encouraging the dissemination of DApps across various industries. Additionally, the book bridges a crucial gap in the literature by providing in-depth insights into the role of consensus mechanisms in shaping the future of blockchain technology and decentralized applications. This book delves into the fundamentals of blockchain technology along with the roles and significance of vital consensus mechanisms, their underlying principles, formal specifications, functional characteristics, architecture, frameworks, and potential across diverse blockchain applications. Moreover, the book meticulously explores classification, performance metrics, and design parameters. It offers a comprehensive comparative analysis of these mechanisms, shedding light on their computational and communication complexity, strengths, weaknesses, and suitability. Additionally, the book delves into future research directions, highlighting emerging trends and areas requiring further investigation. It also addresses the efforts underway to address existing challenges and open issues within the realm of consensus mechanisms, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the state-of-the-art in this pivotal aspect of blockchain technology. Due to the wide range of availability and evolving new consensus mechanisms, selecting an optimal and suitable consensus for a specific blockchain application is one of the crucial challenges in the development and innovation of blockchain systems. This book has also a discussion on appropriate selection algorithms based on multi-attribute decision-making for specific blockchain systems and DApps development.

• Provides readers with an in-depth understanding of the fundamental concepts of blockchain technology and its numerous essential consensus mechanisms
• Provides insights into emerging trends and future developments in consensus mechanisms and their potential implications for blockchain innovation and DApp expansion
• Offers a comprehensive examination of consensus mechanisms, highlighting their pivotal role in driving blockchain innovation and expanding decentralized applications (DApps)
• Presents practical insights into real-world implementations, alongside comparative analyses of different consensus models, empowering readers with decision-making tools to select the most suitable mechanism for their blockchain systems and applications
• Includes discussions on multi-attribute decision-making for consensus selection, addressing a critical challenge faced by developers

Dr. Ali Ahmadian is a senior research scientist the Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Italy and an Associate Fellow Researcher at the Institute of IR 4.0, The National University of Malaysia. As an active researcher, he is dedicated to research in applied mathematics. He received his Ph.D. in early of 2014 as the best postgraduate student from Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). After his Ph.D. He took a postdoctoral fellowship at same university as part of the numerical analysis research group and at the same time joint to the University of Malaya as an Associate Researcher. He was promoted as a Fellow Researcher on December 2017 in UPM. In 2019, he joined the National University of Malaysia as a senior lecturer where he currently works in the Institute of IR 4.0. In general, his primary mathematical focus is the development of computational methods and models for problems arising in computer science, biology, physics, and engineering under fuzzy and fractional calculus (FC); in this context, he has worked on projects related to nano-communication networks, drug delivery systems, acid hydrolysis in palm oil frond, and carbon nanotubes dynamics, nanofluids, viscosity, AI and etc. He is a member of editorial board in Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems, Soft Computing, Journal of control and Decision, Progress in Fractional Differentiation and Applications (Natural Sciences Publishing) and Mathematical Problems in Engineering (Hindawi) and lead guest editor of special issues in more than 50 international journals from Elsevier, Springer, Wiley and so on. He is an author of more than 350 research papers published in as Nature, IEEE, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley and etc. He is an author and editor of four books published and in process in CRC Press and Elsevier, respectively. He also presented his research works in 38 international conferences held in Canada, Serbia, China, Turkey, Malaysia and UAE. He also received Premio Anassilaos Giovani Award for his achievement in art, culture, economics and science from Italy in November 2021.

Dr. Ashok Kumar Yadav holds a B.Tech. from AKTU Lucknow and an M.Tech. and Ph.D. from JNU New Delhi, India. With over eight years of combined teaching and research experience, he is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Information Technology at Rajkiya Engineering College, Azamgarh, India. Before this, he served as an Assistant Professor (On ad-hoc) at the University of Delhi. Dr. Yadav's research expertise spans across multi-attribute decision-making (MADM), blockchain technology, machine learning, and mobility management in mobile communication. His significant contributions include publications in renowned journals such as Elsevier, Springer, World Scientific, and Taylor & Francis, as well as presentations at prominent international conferences. Among his notable works, Dr. Yadav is the author of "Blockchain Technology and Its Applications" and co-author of "Mastering Disruptive Technologies: Applications of Cloud Computing, IoT, Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Techniques." Additionally, he has edited two books for IGI Global. Dr. Yadav's academic achievements include six SCI-indexed publications, two Scopus-indexed papers, and six patents. He is actively involved in academia as a reviewer for international journals and a contributor to program committees at various conferences. His excellence has been recognized with the Best Paper Award at the IEEE World Conference on Applied Intelligence and Computing in 2022, and at the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Communication (AISC) in 2023.

Dr. Om Pal received B.E. in Computer Science & Engineering from Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Agra, MBA (Operation & Management) from IGNOU, MS (Research) in field of Cryptography from IIT Bombay and Ph.D. in field of Cyber Security from Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi. He has more than 20 years of Academic & Research experience in various areas of Computer Science. Presently he is working as an Associate Professor in Department of Computer Science, University of Delhi. Previously he worked as a Scientist at Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Government of India. He evolved and worked on research projects of national interest in various areas including Cryptography, Cyber Security, Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Bill 2022, National Strategy on Blockchain, Post-Quantum Cryptography, Quantum Computing, Cyber Law etc. and drafting of R&D policies. He also worked at Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) as a Sr. Technical Officer and as an IT Resource Person in National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC). Dr. Pal has two Indian patents on Conditional Access Systems and Cryptographic Systems, and is a certified ethical hacker. He is also an AICTE & C-DAC certified ‘Master Trainer’ in field of High-Performance Computing. Dr. Pal is a co-editor of Unleashing the Potentials of Blockchain Technology for Healthcare Industries by Elsevier/Academic Press. His research interests include cryptography, information security, network security, post-Quantum cryptography, Quantum Computing, Blockchain technology, high performance computing, algorithms analysis and design, Cyber law, Artificial Intelligence for cyber security, Machine Learning for cyber security, Theory of Automata, as well as operation research and mathematics.

Dr. Massimiliano Ferrara received the master’s degree (cum laude) in economics from the University of Messina, the master’s degree (cum laude) from the University of Naples Fed- erico II, the master’s degree (cum laude) from the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, and the Ph.D. degree (cum laude) from the University of Messina. He has been a Research Affiliate with the ICRIOS–Invernizzi Center for Research on Innovation, Organization, Strategy and Entrepreneurship, University Bocconi of Milan, since 2013, the President of Scientific Committee of the MEDAlics Research Center, and the Scientific Director of the DECISIONS Lab. He was a General Counsel of the Fondazione Banco di Napoli, the Vice Rector with the University for foreigners “Dante Alighieri’’ of Reggio Calabria, and the Head of Region Calabria Department for Cultura, Research and Education. He was a Visiting Professor with Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, Western Michigan University, USA, Morgan State University, Baltimora, MD, USA, the Northeastern University di Boston, USA, and recently with the Center for Dynamics of Dresden University of Technology, Germany. He is currently a Full Professor of mathematical economics, statistics, business analytics & decision theory, applied economics with the Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, where he is also the Chairman of the Department of Law, Economics & Human Sciences, and a Member of the Academic Senate. He is the author and co-author of up 200 articles on peer-review and ISI journal and ten research monographs. He has been Knight Order of Merit of the Italian Republic since 2010 “for international scientific merits”. He is in the prestigious US Encyclopedia Hmolpedia on thermodynamics and the theoretical and applied physics, for offering a decisive contribution to the creation and development of the scientific theory called “Economic geometric dynamics”. He is also an Editor, a Co-Editor, an Associate Editor, and a Referee of reputable international scientific journal in economics, business intelligence, pure and applied mathematics.