在《万历十五年》《王氏之死》等著作风行多年后,中文世界终于迎来了一部学术基础扎实,具有学科意义,叙事简洁优美的原创佳作。北京大学历史学系教授罗新打破常规写法,以小说一般的语言,把北魏宫女和她的时代用25幕"舞台剧"生动展示出来,诸如慈庆之死、天有二日、子贵母死、祖孙政治、悬瓠长夏等,让人读起来就放不下,余韵悠长。

★利用墓志和传世文献,还原一个北魏宫女漫长的余生

抚育孝明帝的老尼慈庆出家前是北魏皇宫里的一名宫女,俗家姓名是王钟儿。成为宫女前,她生于、嫁于南朝刘宋的中下层官僚家庭,后因战乱,被掳掠到北方,沦为命如蝼蚁的官奴。那一年她30岁,正常的生命轨迹似乎骤然休止,剩下的便是暗黑无边的余生。可是谁想得到,她在北魏皇宫竟生活了长达56年,并在无意中卷入权力斗争的漩涡。

★关心权力舞台上的边缘人物,倾听被主流历史系统屏蔽的声音

罗新教授转换视角,捕捉到了很多被主流忽视、屏蔽的声音和画面,试图描述他们的情感与生活:因罪或战乱,母亲与年幼子女一同成为国家的官奴;不愿沾沐王化,为逃离国家控制付出惨重代价的"蛮人";在深宫高墙内相互扶持的宫女们,她们情同姐妹、母女,为过世的姐妹料理丧事;官僚家庭的寡妇既没有再嫁,也没有留在夫家,而是遁入空门,享有了极大地社会自由和活动空间。

★把北魏帝后、朝臣、嫔妃等当作人来看待,刻画他们的惊惧与忧虑

冯太后、献文帝、孝文帝、宣武帝、宗室诸王以及冯、高、于等外戚,人人都被去掉了面纱和脸谱,罗新教授首先把他们还原为具体的人,进而分析他们夺皇子、废皇后、杀太子、擅权柄、争宠昵、用亲信时的动机、心理和现实处境。经过罗新老师的刻画,我们看到的是他们在史书之外的样子,还对历史叙述多了一分批判和辨析。

★以宫女的一生为线索,把重大历史事件与个人命运编织起来,拼接出跌宕起伏的历史图景

王钟儿(慈庆)活了86岁,生于南朝刘宋,入魏后历经献文、孝文、宣武、孝明四朝,去世时南朝已是萧梁,真是漫长的一生。通过把她的命运嵌入南北朝近百年的历史动荡中,一个个重大历史事件、重要历史时刻全都变得真实、生动起来:刘宋叔侄争夺帝位引发内外战争,南北对峙形势发生变化;权力的诱惑一再使"子贵母死"成为争权武器,朝堂的博弈延续至后宫,后宫的安排影响朝堂的格局,数代皇后不得善终,孝文帝杀子,宣武帝保护唯一子嗣,无不迷雾重重;孝文帝迁都引起的暗流涌动,鲜卑贵族与汉人门阀的合作与冲突,王朝中后期的政治弊端,都通过具体的人的命运展示出来。

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