Chemistry and Mode of Action of Crop Protection Agents
Language: English
Published by RSC Publishing, 1998
- Softcover
- New
Seller: PBShop.store UK, Fairford, GLOS, United KingdomPBShop.store UK
AbeBooks seller since June 11, 1999
Condition: New
£ 30.44
Quantity: 15 available
Add to basketItem description from seller
New Book. Shipped from UK. Established seller since 2000.
Seller Inventory # CX-9780854045594
- Title
- Chemistry and Mode of Action of Crop Protection Agents
- Author
- Copping, Leonard G
- Publisher
- RSC Publishing
- Publication year
- 1998
- Condition
- New
- Binding
- PAP
- Language
- English
- ISBN 10
- 0854045597
- ISBN 13
- 9780854045594
- Item weight
- 433 grams
"Synopsis" may belong to another edition of this title.
Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
Chemical Thermodynamics for Industry
By Trevor LetcherThe Royal Society of Chemistry
All rights reserved.
Contents
Chapter 1 Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics for Industry S. Kjelstrup, A. Røsjorde and E. Johannessen, 1,
Chapter 2 A Modelling Technique for Non-equilibrium Metallurgical Processes Applied to the LD Converter M. Modigell, A. Traebert, P. Monheim and K. Hack, 12,
Chapter 3 Multiphase Thermodynamics of Pulp Suspensions P. Koukkari, R. Pajarre and E. Räsänen, 23,
Chapter 4 Reactive Distillation H. G. Schoenmakers and W. Arlt, 33,
Chapter 5 Thermodynamic Properties from Quantum Chemistry S.I. Sandler, 43,
Chapter 6 Thermodynamics of Natural Gas Clathrate Hydrates E.D. Sloan, 57,
Chapter 7 Ionic Liquids in Separation Processes J. Gmehling, 76,
Chapter 8 Spectrocalorimetric Screening for Complex Process Optimization F. Dan and J-P.E. Grolier, 88,
Chapter 9 Microcalorimetry for the Pharmaceutical Industry A.E. Beezer, 104,
Chapter 10 Isothermal Flow-Microcalorimetry: Principles and Applications for Industry M.A.A. O'neill, 110,
Chapter 11 Transport Properties and Industry W.A. Wakeham and M.J. Assael, 122,
Chapter 12 Micro- and Nano-particles Production Using Supercritical Fluids E. Reverchon and I. De Marco, 132,
Chapter 13 Calorimetric Measurements of Thermophysical Properties for Industry J-P.E. Grolier and F. Dan, 144,
Chapter 14 Plastic Recycling W. Arlt, 159,
Chapter 15 Industry Perspective on the Economic Value of Applied Thermodynamics and the Unmet Needs of AspenTech Clients C-C. Chen, S. Watanasiri, P. Mathias and V.V. De Leeuw, 166,
Chapter 16 Thermodynamics of New Materials M. Schroeder and M. Martin, 180,
Chapter 17 Thermodynamic Prediction of the Formation and Composition Ranges of Metastable Coating Structures in PVD Processes P.J. Spencer, 197,
Chapter 18 Thermodynamics of the Nano-Sized Particles T. Tanaka, J. Lee and N. Hirai, 209,
Chapter 19 Thermodynamics of Electrolyte Systems of Industry K. Thomsen, 219,
Chapter 20 Thermodynamics of Crystallization A.S. Teja and R.W. Rousseau, 230,
Chapter 21 Thermodynamics of Adsorption A.L. Myers, 243,
Chapter 22 Mesoscopic Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics of Polymer Crystallization D. Reguera and J.M. Rubí, 254,
Chapter 23 Applied Thermodynamics for Petroleum Fluids in the Refining Industry D. Ramjugernath and R. Sharma, 262,
Subject Index, 274,
CHAPTER 1
Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics for Industry
SIGNE KJELSTRUP, AUDUN RØSJORDE AND EIVIND JOHANNESSEN
1 What Can Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Offer?
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics (NET) offers a systematic way to derive the local entropy production rate, σ of a system. The total entropy production rate is the integral of the local entropy production rate over the volume, V, of the system, but, in a stationary state, it is also equal to the entropy flux out, JoS, minus the entropy flux into the system, JiS:
[MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (1)
The entropy flux difference and the integral over σ can be calculated independently, and they must give the same answer. The entropy production rate governs the transport processes that take place in the system. We have
[MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (2)
where Ji and Xi are conjugate flux-force pairs. Each flux is a linear combination of all forces:
[MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (3)
This means that NET gives flux equations in agreement with the second law of thermodynamics, and that the theory offers a possibility, through Equation (1), to check for consistency in the models that are used.
The usefulness of NET in describing industrial problems has been questioned, because these problems are frequently non-linear. It is then important to know that the flux–force relations in Equation (3) also describe non-linear phenomena. The phenomenological coefficients Lij can, for instance, be functions of the state variables. By including internal variables in the thermodynamic description, one can extend the application of NET to activated processes; see Chapter 2. For this reason, NET appears today as a non-linear and versatile theory that applies to many practical conditions. It is a misunderstanding that flux equations need to be linear on the global level.
The total entropy production rate times the temperature of the environment is equal to the exergy destruction rate in a process. Processes with small losses in exergy have a high second law efficiency. A high second law efficiency, or exergy efficiency, is seldom a specific aim in process design. An increasing worldwide concern with CO2 emission may change this. Multiobjective optimisation, with small entropy production as one target, may then be interesting in chemical engineering design.
2 Developments and Status of NET
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics was founded by Onsager. The theory was further elaborated by de Groot and Mazur and Prigogine. The theory is based on the hypothesis of local equilibrium: a volume element in a non-equilibrium system is in local equilibrium when the normal thermodynamic relations apply to the element. Evidence is emerging that show that many systems of interest in the process industry are in local equilibrium by this criterion. Onsager prescribed that each flux be connected to its conjugate force via the extensive variable that defines the flux.
Onsager assumed that the variables and the rate laws were the same on the macroscopic and the microscopic level; this is the so-called regression hypothesis. Also using the assumption of microscopic reversibility, he proved the reciprocal relations:
Lij = Lji (4)
These assumptions restrict the validity of NET, but as stated above, they have a wide range of validity. It has long been known that the Navier–Stokes equations are contained in NET. More recently, NET has been extended to deal with transport across surfaces, quantum mechanical systems, and mesoscopic systems; see Chapter 2. We have chosen to illustrate NET with cases of transport through surfaces in the following sections.
(Continues...)
Excerpted from Chemical Thermodynamics for Industry by Trevor Letcher. Copyright © 2004 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Excerpted by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry.
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.
"About the title" may belong to another edition of this title.
PBShop.store UK
Fairford, GLOS, United Kingdom
AbeBooks seller since June 11, 1999
Shipping rates from United Kingdom to U.S.A.
| Item | 10 to 20 business days | 10 to 20 business days |
|---|---|---|
| First item | £ 4.16 | £ 4.16 |
Payment methods
Store description
**Please note our transit times are from the date of dispatch.** We first started out as “The Paperback Exchange,” a chain of physical bookstores where we would part exchange your beloved books for new stories to transport you to faraway places. However, as shopping started to evolve to online shops and marketplaces, we bid our stores goodbye to become “PBShop.” This transition has only allowed us to blossom as we now ship thousands of titles to book lovers across the globe. We pride ourselves in being a community of local book lovers which allows our passion and devotion to shine in everything we do. In 2020 we not only celebrated our 20th birthday but our 1st birthday as being completely employee owned after becoming an E.O.T in September 2019. We are proud to be different and embrace standing apart on a book mountain by working from a virtual inventory which allows us to provide thousands of books that may be difficult to get for your bookshelf or your studies. Working with a number of different suppliers allows us to explore other avenues such as puzzles, sheet music and even stationery so we really do have something for everyone. Life is about being versatile in all realms of existence. If this is your first purchase with us, or you are a returning customer, we would like to welcome you to the PBShop family, for there is no friend as loyal as a book. We are a company who put our customers at the centre of everything we do as we understand the importance of reading because once you learn to read, you will forever be free. There are a whole lot of things in this world of ours that we are yet to explore, which is why we will forever inspire curious minds.…
Specialty
Hardbacks, PaperbacksSeller's business information
Pbshop.co.uk
Unit 22 Horcott Industrial Estate, Horcott Road
Fairford, United Kingdom GL7 4BX
Terms of sale
Returns Policy
We ask all customers to contact us for authorisation should they wish to return their order. Orders returned without authorisation may not be credited.
If you wish to return, please contact us within 14 days of receiving your order to obtain authorisation.
Returns requested beyond this time will not be authorised.
Our team will provide full instructions on how to return your order and once received our returns department will process your refund.
Please note the cost to return any unwanted order to us is borne by the buyer.
Should your order arrive damaged, not as advertised or faulty, we must be advised of this within 14 days of delivery. Please contact us so we can find the best solution for you.
Our Customer Care Team can be contacted by emailing alborders@paperbackshop.co.uk, or by calling our UK Office on +441285 712 917. We are available 9:00am till 5:30pm GMT Monday to Friday.
Right of withdrawal
If you are a consumer you can withdraw from the contract in accordance with the following. Consumer means any natural person who is acting for purposes which are outside his trade, business, craft or profession.
Information regarding the right of withdrawal
Statutory right to withdraw
You have the right to withdraw from this contract within 14 days without giving any reason.
The withdrawal period will expire after 14 days from the day on which you acquire, or a third party other than the carrier and indicated by you acquires, physical possession of the last good or the last lot or piece.
To exercise the right of withdrawal, electronically fill in and submit a clear statement on our website, under "My Purchases" in "My Account". We will communicate to you an acknowledgement of receipt of such a withdrawal on a durable medium (e.g. by e-mail) without delay.
To meet the withdrawal deadline, it is sufficient for you to send your communication concerning your exercise of the right of withdrawal before the withdrawal period has expired.
Effects of withdrawal
If you withdraw from this contract, we will reimburse to you all payments received from you, including the costs of delivery (except for the supplementary costs arising if you chose a type of delivery other than the least expensive type of standard delivery offered by us).
We may make a deduction from the reimbursement for loss in value of any goods supplied, if the loss is the result of unnecessary handling by you.
We will make the reimbursement without undue delay, and not later than 14 days after the day on which we are informed about your decision to withdraw from this contract.
We will make the reimbursement using the same means of payment as you used for the initial transaction, unless you have expressly agreed otherwise; in any event, you will not incur any fees as a result of such reimbursement.
We may withhold reimbursement until we have received the goods back, or you have supplied evidence of having sent back the goods, whichever is the earliest.
You shall send back the goods or hand them over to PBShop.store UK, Fairford, United Kingdom, +44 1285 712917, without undue delay and in any event not later than 14 days from the day on which you communicate your withdrawal from this contract to us. The deadline is met if you send back the goods before the period of 14 days has expired. You will have to bear the direct cost of returning the goods. You are only liable for any diminished value of the goods resulting from the handling other than what is necessary to establish the nature, characteristics and functioning of the goods.
Exceptions to the right of withdrawal
The right of withdrawal does not apply to:
- The delivery of newspapers, journals or magazines with the exception of subscription contracts; and
- The supply of digital content which is not supplied on a tangible medium (e.g. on a CD or DVD) if you accepted when you placed your order that we could start to deliver it, and that you could not withdraw once delivery had started.
Shipping terms
Orders are shipped from our UK warehouse. Delivery thereafter is between 4 and 14 business days. Please contact us if you have any queries about our services or products.