Blast Damage to Coniferous Tree Stands by Atomic Explosions; Operation Upshot-Knothole Project 3.19, WT-731
Published by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington DC, 1954
- Softcover
- Used
Seller: Ground Zero Books, Ltd., Silver Spring, MD, U.S.A.Ground Zero Books, Ltd.
AbeBooks seller since August 14, 1998
Condition: Used - Good
£ 77.64
Quantity: 1 available
Add to basketItem description from seller
84 pages [stated]. Red lettering on edge. Figures. Tables. Illustrations not as clear/good as in the original publication. Formerly CONFIDENTIAL RESTRICTED DATA, declassified to UNCLASSIFIED. Mailing label on back cover. The Table of Contents includes: Introduction, Experiment Design, Results, Discussion, Conclusions and Recommendations, Appendix A and B, and nomenclature. Prediction of blast damage to trees represents an important phase in the tactical employment of atomic weapons in forested areas. Project 3.19 directly supported studies in obtaining experimental data on breakage and pressure attenuation experienced in a small stand of trees and additional data on breakage of isolated trees. The effects of a nuclear explosion on its immediate vicinity are typically much more destructive and multifaceted than those caused by conventional explosives. In most cases, the energy released from a nuclear weapon detonated within the lower atmosphere can be approximately divided into four basic categories: the blast itself: 4050% of total energy thermal radiation: 3050% of total energy ionizing radiation: 5% of total energy (more in a neutron bomb) residual radiation: 510% of total energy with the mass of the explosion. Depending on the design of the weapon and the location in which it is detonated, the energy distributed to any one of these categories may be significantly higher or lower. The physical blast effect is created by the coupling of immense amounts of energy, spanning the electromagnetic spectrum, with the surroundings. The environment of the explosion (e.g. submarine, ground burst, air burst, or exo-atmospheric) determines how much energy is distributed to the blast and how much to radiation. In general, surrounding a bomb with denser media, such as water, absorbs more energy and creates more powerful shockwaves while at the same time limiting the area of its effect. When a nuclear weapon is surrounded only by air, lethal blast and thermal effects proportionally scale much more rapidly than lethal radiation effects as explosive yield increases. This bubble is faster than the speed of sound. The physical damage mechanisms of a nuclear weapon (blast and thermal radiation) are identical to those of conventional explosives, but the energy produced by a nuclear explosion is usually millions of times more powerful per unit mass and temperatures may briefly reach the tens of millions of degrees. Reprint from the Defense Technical Information Center.…
Seller Inventory # 83027
Bibliographic details
- Title
- Blast Damage to Coniferous Tree Stands by Atomic Explosions; Operation Upshot-Knothole Project 3.19, WT-731
- Author
- Sauer, Fred M., and Fons, W. J., and Storey, Theodore G.
- Publisher
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington DC
- Publication year
- 1954
- Condition
- Good
- Binding
- Wraps
- Seller catalogs
- Nuclear Weapons
Ground Zero Books, Ltd.
Silver Spring, MD, U.S.A.
AbeBooks seller since August 14, 1998
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