The twenty surviving works of Antoine Bruhier (b. c. 1460 or 1470; d. after 1521) raise an unusually large number of tantalizing, sometimes perplexing, and ultimately thought-provoking issues. His earliest known composition, for example, is Latura tu, No. 7 in the present edition, published by Petrucci in the Odhecaton of 1501. This chanson finds itself in extremely good company, being immediately preceded by Hayne van Ghizeghem's A la audienche and followed by Josquin's canonic De tous biens playne a 4. Petrucci's publication, as it happens, constitutes the first dated record in existence for Bruhier. Except for the probable fact that he was born in Noyon, in northern France, little else is known of his whereabouts or his development as a musician before 1504, when he was said to have been maitre [de musique] in the maitrise of Langres Cathedral. It appears that he occupied the position in Langres for only a brief period before becoming mired in financial and legal difficulties, ultimately being supplanted in November of 1504. Surviving documents place him in Ferrara in 1505 in the service of the sons of duke Ercole I d'Este, but there is reason to believe that he may have composed his Missa Hodie scietis, no. 18, in late 1504 in the last months of duke Ercole's reign. A letter from Bruhier, perhaps a holograph, also suggests that his Ferrarese employers found him entertaining. After working briefly for the duke of Urbino, he returned to Ferrara, but in all likelihood he had left Este service by 1507 or 1508. Where he was, however, between then and 1513 is completely unknown today. In that year, Bruhier became a member of the private chapel of the newly elected pope Leo X (Giovanni de' Medici), the first singer-composer, it seems, of French or Flemish origin in that organization. It was presumably while in this position that he wrote four of the most obscene songs in the history of music, Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 5. The fundamental question raised by these works is: Why would Bruhier, a papal musician, have chosen to write such pieces in the first place? A case is made below for their being music intended for the intermedi of the theatrical productions so loved by this ecclesiastical son of Lorenzo de' Medici, the Magnificent. Of Bruhier's four surviving motets, a setting of the sequence Ave celorum regina may be the composition for nostra donna mentioned in his letter and, if so, was written before or during his sojourn in Ferrara. However, there is reason to doubt that it is a liturgical work because of the insertion of a superfluous line in its first stanza that introduces a seriously flawed and absurd rhyme. The remaining three appear to have been composed during Bruhier's service at the Vatican. The best known of these at present, Vivite felices, praises the pope and the new king of France together, and is believed to have been composed for the famous meeting of Leo X and Francis I at Bologna in December, 1515. Ecce panis angelorum is a setting of selected verses, although not in order, of the Gregorian sequence Lauda Sion Salvatorem, and, while the text of Ave color boni vini is in the form of a sequence, the sentiments expressed concern drinking to excess. Therefore, these three works are also not liturgical music, and no copies of Bruhier's motets were included in the known repertory of the Sistine Chapel Choir. Bruhier's skillfully composed music was the product of an intelligent, original, and lively mind, albeit one with a pronounced Rabelaisian bent. This, of course, may have been precisely what made him especially attractive to such sophisticated patrons of the era as the sons of duke Ercole I d'Este of Ferrara, the duke of Urbino, and Leo X.

"About this title" may belong to another edition of this title.

Store Description

Kennys.ie is the largest exporter of books from Ireland currently exporting to approximately 100 countries around the world. Kennys Bookshop houses hundreds of thousands of books and specialises in collection development and library services, supplying booksellers and state and university libraries on a global scale including the U.S.A.,Japan and Europe. Kennys.ie is Ireland's Largest Online Bookshop.

Visit Seller's Storefront

Seller's business information

Kennys Bookshop and Art Galleries Ltd.
Liosban Industrial Estate, Tuam Road, Galway, Ireland

Sale & Shipping Terms

Terms of Sale

Terms of Sale - Credit Cards: Visa, Master Card, American Express, Diner.
Payment can also be made by bank draft in Euros, drawn on an Irish Bank.

We regret that PO Boxes are not acceptable to the U.S. as our courier will not deliver to them.

In case of returns or queries please contact us by email books@kennys.ie or by phone +353 91 709350

VAT Registration - IE2238521A

Conor Kenny

Right of withdrawal

If you are a consumer you can withdraw from the contract in accordance with the following. Consumer means any natural person who is acting for purposes which are outside his trade, business, craft or profession.

Information regarding the right of withdrawal

Statutory right to withdraw

You have the right to withdraw from this contract within 14 days without giving any reason.

The withdrawal period will expire after 14 days from the day on which you acquire, or a third party other than the carrier and indicated by you acquires, physical possession of the last good or the last lot or piece.

To exercise the right of withdrawal, electronically fill in and submit a clear statement on our website, under "My Purchases" in "My Account". We will communicate to you an acknowledgement of receipt of such a withdrawal on a durable medium (e.g. by e-mail) without delay.

To meet the withdrawal deadline, it is sufficient for you to send your communication concerning your exercise of the right of withdrawal before the withdrawal period has expired.

Effects of withdrawal

If you withdraw from this contract, we will reimburse to you all payments received from you, including the costs of delivery (except for the supplementary costs arising if you chose a type of delivery other than the least expensive type of standard delivery offered by us).

We may make a deduction from the reimbursement for loss in value of any goods supplied, if the loss is the result of unnecessary handling by you.

We will make the reimbursement without undue delay, and not later than 14 days after the day on which we are informed about your decision to withdraw from this contract.

We will make the reimbursement using the same means of payment as you used for the initial transaction, unless you have expressly agreed otherwise; in any event, you will not incur any fees as a result of such reimbursement.

We may withhold reimbursement until we have received the goods back, or you have supplied evidence of having sent back the goods, whichever is the earliest.

You shall send back the goods or hand them over to Kennys Bookshop and Art Galleries Ltd., Galway, GY, Ireland, without undue delay and in any event not later than 14 days from the day on which you communicate your withdrawal from this contract to us. The deadline is met if you send back the goods before the period of 14 days has expired. You will have to bear the direct cost of returning the goods. You are only liable for any diminished value of the goods resulting from the handling other than what is necessary to establish the nature, characteristics and functioning of the goods.

Exceptions to the right of withdrawal

The right of withdrawal does not apply to:

The delivery of newspapers, journals or magazines with the exception of subscription contracts; and
The supply of digital content which is not supplied on a tangible medium (e.g. on a CD or DVD) if you accepted when you placed your order that we could start to deliver it, and that you could not withdraw once delivery had started.

Shipping Terms

Free Shipping

Shipping rates from Ireland to U.S.A.

Shipping rates from Ireland to U.S.A.
Order quantity	12 to 22 business days	10 to 20 business days
First item	� 8.12	� 9.83

Delivery times are set by sellers and vary by carrier and location. Orders passing through Customs may face delays and buyers are responsible for any associated duties or fees. Sellers may contact you regarding additional charges to cover any increased costs to ship your items.