Analysis of Multivariate Survival Data

Survival data or more general time-to-event data occur in many areas, including medicine, biology, engineering, economics, and demography, but previously standard methods have requested that all time variables are univariate and independent. This book extends the field by allowing for multivariate times. Applications where such data appear are survival of twins, survival of married couples and families, time to failure of right and left kidney for diabetic patients, life history data with time to outbreak of disease, complications and death, recurrent episodes of diseases and cross-over studies with time responses. As the field is rather new, the concepts and the possible types of data are described in detail and basic aspects of how dependence can appear in such data is discussed. Four different approaches to the analysis of such data are presented. The multi-state models where a life history is described as the subject moving from state to state is the most classical approach. The Markov models make up an important special case, but it is also described how easily more general models are set up and analyzed. Frailty models, which are random effects models for survival data, made a second approach, extending from the most simple shared frailty models, which are considered in detail, to models with more complicated dependence structures over individuals or over time. Marginal modelling has become a popular approach to evaluate the effect of explanatory factors in the presence of dependence, but without having specified a statistical model for the dependence. Finally, the completely non-parametric approach to bivariate censored survival data is described. This book is aimed at investigators who need to analyze multivariate survival data, but due to its focus on the concepts and the modelling aspects, it is also useful for persons interested in such data, but

From the reviews:

STATISTICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH

"Overall, I found the book to be very useful... I think that this book will be useful to statisticians who are dealing with modeling multivariate failure time data in their applied work. In addition it is a good reference to the technical literature available in this field."

SHORT BOOK REVIEWS

"This book, however, is much more than a compendium of useful models for survival data. The author's discussion of time scales, the effect of censoring and the role of covariates touch the very heart of survival analysis. His insights into the nature of dependence extend far beyond survival analysis and touch some of the most fundamental aspects of our discipline."

STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

"The book is written with succinct style, containing lots of information but no unnecessary detail or technicality, meaning that it is easy to follow the discussion and arguments, provided the reader has some background in standard univariate survival techniques. Adequate up-to-date references are provided for interested readers to follow up if required. The level of mathematical detail is nice...I believe this to be the first book on multivariate survival. Anyone considering writing the second book has a hard act to follow – this sets a very high standard and is recommended for all statisticians with an interest in survival analysis techniques."

JASA

"There is no doubt that this book is an important contribution to the literature of multivariate survival analysis. Unlike other books on survival, most of which have just one or two chapters dealing with multivariate material, this book is the first comprehensive treatment fully focusing on multivariate survival data...This book is a long-awaited work that summarizes the state of the art of multivariate survival analysis and provides a valuable reference."

"This is the first book exclusively on Analysis of Multivariate Survival Data. ... this is a good reference book ... . The aim of the book is very clearly laid down. The exercises at the end of each chapter makes it more useful ... . The chapter summary and bibliographic comments are also very useful. The computational aspects ... are also helpful." (Anup Dewanji, Sankhya, Vol. 65 (1), 2002)

"This is a book on a subject which is ‘at its infancy’ written by an author who contributed mainly to its definition and development. ... It should ... be read as a tour d’horizon about approaches that have been suggested about how to analyze multivariate survival ... . This book is without any doubt an indispensable reading for both theoretical and practical statisticians. ... In fact, this book will be most interesting for professional statisticians advancing to this field." (Jochen Mau, Metrika, November, 2002)

"Hougaard has written a very complete book on multivariate survival analysis of over 500 pages. ... Every chapter contains a set of exercises suitable to practice ... . citations to about 200 references are made throughout the book. The book is a pleasure to read. Every chapter contains an extensive summary which is very helpful ... to have a good overview of a particular chapter. In my opinion the author has succeeded in completing a valuable monograph on multivariate survival analysis." (P.H.A.J.M. van Gelder, Kwantitatieve Methoden, Issue 2, October, 2002)

"The author distinguishes six types of dependence in multivariate survival data ... . Throughout the book theoretical developments are extensively exemplified by real-life examples and computational aspects are dealt with as well. ... A commendable feature is that each of the chapters starts with an intuitional introduction and ends with a brief summary section, bibliographic comments and exercises. " (Harald Heinzl, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 962, 2001)

"This book is ... for those wishing to analyse multivariate survival data. ... One of the most useful aspects of this book, in my opinion, is the extensive use made of practical examples. ... There are exercises at the end of each chapter. ... The organization of the book, and the good use of cross referencing, mean that it can be read in varying degrees of depth. This book should prove an informative extension to the literature on survival analysis." (Kate Tilling, International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 30 (4), 2001)