American Philosophy and Rudolf Steiner: Emerson – Thoreau – Peirce – James – Royce – Dewey – Whitehead – Feminism

"Few thinkers from outside the United States have touched American culture in as many ways as Rudolf Steiner. Agriculture, education, spirituality, and medicine--or more precisely, alternative practices in these fields--all bear clear marks of his influence, for those with eyes to see. Yet the very breadth of Steiner's impact has perhaps made him harder, not easier, for observers of American culture to notice." -- Dan McKanan (from the foreword)

American Philosophy and Rudolf Steiner aspires to raise Steiner's profile by digging into just one field of inquiry--philosophy. Before he became known to the world as a transmitter of clairvoyant wisdom, Steiner was an academic philosopher, editor of the scientific writings of Goethe and author of a foundational work in philosophy, The Philosophy of Freedom: The Basis for a Modern Worldview, published in 1894. That book expressed in philosophical terms many of the ideas that would later emerge as integral to the spiritual science of Anthroposophy.

Though the authors cover a wide range of topics, most share an elegiac tone. They see great potential for dialogue between Rudolf Steiner and the great American philosophers of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. American philosophy may have taken a wrong turn in the mid-twentieth century, when pragmatism gave way to a tradition of analytical philosophy that eschewed metaphysics as inherently meaningless and focused on the coherence or incoherence of linguistic structures. Nonetheless, many new sites of potential dialogue exist between Steiner and American philosophy.

Five of the articles in this volume were written as part of a seminar on Rudolf Steiner and American Thought as part of a Project for the Renewal of Philosophy, Science, and Education sponsored by Laurance S. Rockefeller. The contributors--David Ray Griffin, Gertrude Reif Hughes, Frank M. Oppenheim, S. J., Douglas Sloan, and Robert McDermott--were originally published in ReVision: A Journal of Consciousness and Transformation (spring and summer 1991).

Robert McDermott, Ph.D., is president emeritus and chair of the Philosophy, Cosmology, and Consciousness Program at the California Institute of Integral Studies (CIIS). His publications include Radhakrishnan (1970); The Essential Aurobindo (1974, 1987); The Essential Steiner (1984); (with Rudolf Steiner) The Bhagavad Gita and the West (2009); and The New Essential Steiner (2009). He has also published on William James, Josiah Royce, M. K. Gandhi, the evolution of consciousness, and American thought. His administrative service includes president of the New York Center for Anthroposophy; president of the Rudolf Steiner [summer] Institute; chair of the board of Sunbridge College (New York) and of Rudolf Steiner College (California). He was a member of the council of the Anthroposophical Society in America (1996-2004). He is the founding chair of the board of the Sophia Project, an anthroposophic home in Oakland, California, for mothers and children at risk of homelessness. He is a Lindisfarne fellow, a Fetzer mentor, and a member of the Esalen Corportion.

Rebecca Kneale Gould is Associate Professor of Religion and Environmental Studies at Middlebury College in Vermont. Gould's first book, At Home in Nature: Modern Homesteading and Spiritual Practice in America (University of California, 2005) is an ethnographic and historical study of back-to-the-land experiments based on research she conducted while living and working at the homestead of Helen and Scott Nearing. Gould's more recent publications (in Jon Isham's, Ignition; Whitney Bauman's Grounding Religion; Cecile Andrew's Less is More; and Tufts University Press/Mildred's Lane Press, Renovating Walden) reflect two of her current research and writing projects: religiously based environmental action and the impact "time-famine" on physical, spiritual, and ecological wellbeing. Gould is the co-creator and coproducer (with director Phil Walker) of the documentary film, The Fire Inside: Place, Passion, and the Primacy of Nature (2012), which premiered in at the Yale Divinity School. She lives in Vermont, with her partner and six well-loved sheep.

David Ray Griffin is Professor of Philosophy of Religion and Theology, Emeritus, Claremont School of Theology and Claremont Graduate University in Claremont, Cali-fornia, where he remains a co-director of the Center for Process Studies. He is a major exponent of the thought of Alfred North Whitehead and Constructive Postmodernism. He has published (as author or editor) thirty-four books, primarily in theology, philosophy, and philosophy of religion, with special emphases on the problem of evil and the relation between science and religion, including The Reenchantment of Science (1988); Unsnarling the World-Knot: Consciousness, Freedom, and the Mind-Body Problem (1998); Religion and Scientific Naturalism: Overcoming the Conflicts (2000); and Reenchantment without Supernaturalism: A Process Philosophy of Religion (2001). He is also a major critic of the official version of the 9/11 attack: Debunking 9/11 Debunking: An Answer to Popular Mechanics and Other Defenders of the Official Conspiracy Theory (2007); The New Pearl Harbor Revisited: 9/11, the Cover-up, and the Exposé (2008); and 9/11 Ten Years Later: When State Crimes against Democracy Succeed (2011).

Gertrude Reif Hughes, PhD, was Professor Emerita of English and Women's Studies at Wesleyan University, where she served as Chair of her Department and the Women's Studies Program. The author of Emerson's Demanding Optimism (1984), she published essays on American poets, including Emily Dickinson, Gwendolyn Brooks, H.D., and Adrienne Rich, as well as essays on Rudolf Steiner and feminist thought and on Steiner's Calendar of the Soul. A lifelong student of Anthroposophy, she is a former chair of the Board of Anthroposophic Press and former President of the Rudolf Steiner (summer) Institute, where she taught meditation for many years and served on its board. She was also a member of the board of Sunbridge College and a core faculty member of The Barfield School Masters Program at Sunbridge. As a child, she attended the New York City Rudolf Steiner School and later earned degrees from Yale University and Mount Holyoke College. Gertrude passed away January 5, 2022.

Dan McKanan is Ralph Waldo Emerson Unitarian Uni-versalist Association Senior Lecturer in Divinity at the Harvard Divinity School. Before coming to Harvard in 2008, he served as department chair and associate professor of theology at the College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University, where he began teaching in 1998. He studies religious movements for social transformation in the United States from the abolitionist era to the present. His first book, Identifying the Image of God: Radical Christians and Nonviolent Power in the Antebellum United States (2002), explores theological understandings of violence and nonviolence among abolitionists, pacifists, and temperance activists. Touching the World: Christian Communities Transforming Society (2007) and The Catholic Worker after Dorothy: Practicing the Works of Mercy in a New Generation (2008) deal with the Camphill and Catholic Worker networks of intentional communities. Professor McKanan's more recent book, Prophetic Encounters: Religion and the American Radical Tradition, is a general history of religion and the Left in the United States