Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery, Volume 31

AsanadditiontotheEuropeanpostgraduatetrainingsystemforyoung neurosurgeons, we began to publish in 1974 this series of Advancesand Technical Standards in Neurosurgery which was later sponsored by the EuropeanAssociationofNeurosurgicalSocieties. This series was ?rst discussed in 1972 at a combined meeting of the Italian and German Neurosurgical Societies in Taormina, the founding fathersoftheseriesbeingJeanBrihaye,BernardPertuiset,FritzLoewand HugoKrayenbuhl. ThuswereestablishedtheprinciplesofEuropean- operationwhich havebeenbornfromthe Europeanspirit,?ourishedin theEuropeanAssociation,andhavebeenassociatedthroughoutwiththis series. ThefactthattheEnglishlanguageisnowtheinternationalmediumfor communicationatEuropeanscienti?cconferencesisagreatassetinterms ofmutualunderstanding. Thereforewehavedecidedtopublishallcont- butionsinEnglish,regardlessofthenativelanguageoftheauthors. All contributions are submitted to the entire editorial board before publicationofanyvolumeforscrutinyandsuggestionsforrevision. Ourseriesisnotintendedtocompetewiththepublicationsoforiginal scienti?cpapersinotherneurosurgicaljournals. Ourintentionis,rather,to present?eldsofneurosurgeryandrelatedareasinwhichimportantrecent advanceshavebeenmade. Thecontributionsarewrittenbyspecialistsin thegiven?eldsandconstitutethe?rstpartofeachvolume. Inthesecondpartofeachvolume,wepublishdetaileddescriptionsof standardoperativeproceduresandindepthreviewsofestablishedkno- edge in all aspects of neurosurgery, furnished by experienced clinicians. This part is intended primarily to assist young neurosurgeons in their postgraduatetraining. However,weareconvincedthatitwillalsobeu- fultoexperienced,fullytrainedneurosurgeons. We hope therefore that surgeons not only in Europe, but also throughouttheworld,willpro?tbythisseriesofAdvancesandTechnical StandardsinNeurosurgery. TheEditors Contents ListofContributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIII Advances ¨ Gene Technology Based Therapies in the Brain. T. Wirth1,4 and S. Yla- Herttuala1,2,3, 1A. I. Virtanen Institute,University of Kuopio, Kuopio,F- land, 2DepartmentofMedicine,UniversityofKuopioandGeneTherapyUnit, Kuopio, Finland, 3Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland,4ArkTherapeuticsOy,Kuopio,Finland Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 IntroductiontoGeneTherapy:ThePast,PresentandFuture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 PotentialAreasforGeneTherapyintheBrain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 GeneTherapyforParkinson'sDisease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 GeneTherapyforAlzheimer'sDisease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 GeneTherapyforVascularBrainDiseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 GeneTherapyforBrainTumours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 ChallengesofGeneTherapyintheBrain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 GeneTransferVectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 ViralGeneTransferVectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Retroviruses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

"... In summary, this volume of advances and technical standard in neurosurgery continues to fulfill the spirit of this attractive series of books by conveying the reader a focused information on the current advances in the neurosurgical field and, at the same time, a continuous reconsideration of the theoretical and technical armamentarium of the neurosurgical discipline ..." Child's Nervous System 23/2007

"... The Advances and Technical Standards series continues to be of a high standard and should be on every neurosurgical library shelf." Zentralblatt für Neurochirurgie 3/2007