Synopsis
The book contains the contributions at the NATO Study Institute on Exposure and Risk Assessment of Chemical Pollution - Contemporary Methodology, which took place in Sofia - Borovetz, Bulgaria, July 1-10, 2008. Rapid advances in mathematics, computer science and molecular biology and chemistry have lead to the development in of a new branch of toxicology called Computational Toxicology. This emerging field is addressing the estimation and prediction of exposure risk and effects of chemicals based on experimental data, measured concentration and biological mechanisms and computational models of biological systems. Mathematical models are also being used to predict the fate and transport of substances in the environment. Because this area is still in its infancy, there has been limited application from governmental agencies to regulating controllable processes, such as registration of new chemicals, determination of estimated exposure and risk based limits and maximum acceptable concentrations in different compartments of the environment - ambient air, waters, soil and food products. However, this is soon to change as the ability to collect, analyze and interpret the required information is becoming increasingly more efficient and cost effective. Full implementation of the new processes have to involve education on both part of the experimentalists who are generating the data and the models, and the risk assessors who will use them to better protect human health and the environment.
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Product Description
The main objective of the book is to contribute to the existing knowledge and practical application of modern technologies for exposure and risk assessment of chemical environmental pollution with emphasis on methodologies and the models used for environmental security. Particular attention is paid to models useful for the quantitative and qualitative identification, estimation of exposure and risk. Stress is given to the computational modelling technology achievements for environmental fate, exposure, hazard, and risk assessment of chemical pollutants in air, water, soil and biota; to the estimation of the screening level risk assessment modelling to assess and prioritize chemicals; to the evaluation of the probabilistic risk assessment methods for intentional pollution to help the risk managers in uncontrollable processes; to the review of the approaches for modelling of adverse health and environmental effects; to the comparative evaluation of currently used models on the criteria of sensitivity, variability and uncertainty; to the evaluation of the additional criteria as predictive value, advantages, validations and limitations of models. Research needs in this complex scientific field are identified and the strategy for prediction and prevention of chemical threats originating from intentional pollution are outlined.
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