Ruling by Norms: Technical Experts and the Making of International Cybersecurity Law: 14 (Leiden Studies on the Frontiers of International Law, 14) - Hardcover

Sukumar, Arun

Hardcover

ISBN 10: 900473760X ISBN 13: 9789004737600

Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff, 2026

Synopsis

This volume explores the important contribution of technical experts to shaping states’ perceptions of what international rules apply to their conduct in cyberspace, and how those rules regulate various cyber operations. Drawing on 67 interviews of diplomats, lawyers, and technical experts, along with nine months of immersive observation of international cybersecurity negotiations, this book offers a sweeping assessment of how technical expertise has influenced legal discourse on key issues such as cyber countermeasures, election hacking, sovereignty, due diligence, and protection of core internet infrastructure. The book demonstrates how the articulation of informal “cyber norms” became intertwined with the application of existing international law at the UN and multistakeholder forums over two decades. Technical experts, who were active participants in norms development processes, therefore became direct interlocutors in the creation and interpretation of international cybersecurity law – a phenomenon this book terms “creeping expertise”.

About this title

About the Author

Arun Sukumar is an assistant professor of International Relations at Ashoka University, India. He was formerly an assistant professor at the Institute of Security and Global Affairs at Leiden University, and holds a Ph.D. from the Fletcher School, Tufts University.

Edition details

• Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff
• Publication date: 2026
• Language: English
• ISBN 10: 900473760X
• ISBN 13: 9789004737600
• Binding: Hardcover
• Number of pages: 362