The great advances made in large-scale integration of semiconductors and the resulting cost-effective digital processors and data storage devices determine the present development of automation. The application of digital techniques to process automation started in about 1960, when the first process computer was installed. From about 1970 process computers with cathodic ray tube display have become standard equipment for larger automation systems. Until about 1980 the annual increase of process computers was about 20 to 30%. The cost of hardware has already then shown a tendency to decrease, whereas the relative cost of user software has tended to increase. Because of the high total cost the first phase of digital process automation is characterized by the centralization of many functions in a single (though sometimes in several) process computer. Application was mainly restricted to medium and large processes. Because of the far-reaching consequences of a breakdown in the central computer parallel standby computers or parallel back-up systems had to be provided. This meant a substantial increase in cost. The tendency to overload the capacity and software problems caused further difficulties. In 1971 the first microprocessors were marketed which, together with large-scale integrated semiconductor memory units and input/output modules, can be assem bled into cost-effective microcomputers. These microcomputers differ from process computers in fewer but higher integrated modules and in the adaptability of their hardware and software to specialized, less comprehensive tasks.
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Rolf Isermann studied Mechanical Engineering and obtained the Dr.-Ing. degree in 1965 from the University of Stuttgart, Germany. In 1972 he became Professor in Control Engineering at the University of Stuttgart. From 1977-2006 he was Professor for Control Systems and Process Automation at the Institute of Automatic Control of the Darmstadt University of Technology. Since 2006 he is Professor emeritus and is head of the Research Group for Control Systems and Process Automation in the same institution. R. Isermann received the Dr. h.c. (honoris causa) from L'Université Libre de Bruxelles and from the Polytechnic University in Bucharest. In 1996 he was awarded by the "VDE-Ehrenring", and in 2007 by "VDI-Ehrenmitglied". The MIT Technology Review Magazine awarded him in 2003 to the Top Ten of Emerging Technologies in Mechatronics. In 2010 he received the Rufus Oldenburger Medal from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME: highest scientific award for lifetime achievements), and in 2016 the IFAC lifetime achievement award for mechatronics.
The two volumes of this completely revised and expanded second edition form a unit with volume 2 concentrating on stochastic control, treatment on interconnected control systems, multivariable control and adaptive digital control systems. The book is directed both towards students of electrical and mechanical engineering, computer science as well as biology, economics, mathematics, physics and towards engineers and scientists working in the field.
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