Chapter 1. Analogy and Invention: Some Remarks on Poincaré's Analysis Situs Papers (Claudio Bartocci).- Chapter 2. Scientific Philosophy and Philosophical Science (Hourya Benis Sinaceur).- Chapter 3. Avicenna and Number Theory (Pascal Crozet).- Chapter 4. Zigzag and Fregean Arithmetic (Fernando Ferreira).- Chapter 5. The Foundations of Geometry by Peano's School and Some Epistemological Considerations (Paolo Freguglia).- Chapter 6. Μηδεὶς ἀγεωμέτρητος εἰσίτω (Reinhard Kahle).- Chapter 7. Enthymemathical Proofs and Canonical Proofs in Euclid's Plane Geometry (Abel Lassalle-Cazanave).- Chapter 8. Some Reasons to Reopen the Question of the Foundation of Probability Theory Following Gian-Carlo Rota (Carlos Lobo).- Chapter 9. Mathematics and the Physical World in Aristotle (Pierre Pellegrin).- Chapter 10. The Axiom of Choice as Interaction. Brief Remarks on the Principle of Dependent 179 Choices in a Dialogical Setting (Shahid Rahman).- Chapter 11. Avicenna: Mathematics and Philosophy (Roshdi Rashed).- Chapter 12. For a Continued Revival of the Philosophy of Mathematics (Jean-Jaques Szczeciniarz).- Chapter 13. The Foundations of Arithmetic in Ibn Sīnā (Hassan Tahiri).
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