Synopsis
I. Introduction
II. History of PPAR Discovery
A. Peroxisomes
B. Peroxisomal biogenesis and diseases
C. Peroxisome proliferation
III. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
A. Chromosomal location and gene polymorphism
i. PPARa
ii. PPARb/d
iii. PPARg
B. Protein structure
i. N-terminal end (A/B domain)
ii. DNA binding domain (DBD, C domain)
iii. Hinge region (D domain)
iv. Carboxyl terminal end (E/F domain)
IV. PPAR Ligands
A. Endogenous ligands
B. Exogenous PPAR modulators
V. Tissue Distribution and Versatile Functions of PPARs
A. Neurological functions of PPARsB. PPARs and the cardiovascular system
C. PPARs in pulmonary physiology and disease
D. Gastrointestinal roles of PPARs
E. PPAR functions in the liver
F. Roles of PPARs in the pancreas
G. PPARs in the urinary tract physiology and pathophysiology
H. PPARs in the reproductive system
I. Bone metabolism and PPARs
J. Roles of PPARs in skeletal muscle biology
K. Skin PPARs
VI. PPARs and Drug Metabolism
VII. Molecular Aspects of PPAR Actions
A. Posttranslational control of PPARs
B. Mechanism of action
VIII. Animal Models in PPAR Research
IX. Safety of PPAR Agonists
X. The Future of PPAR Research
XI. References
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