Synopsis
A: Atomic Structure and Transitions.- 1 Relativistic and Quantum Electrodynamic Effects on Atomic Inner Shells.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Review of the Dirac-Fock Method.- 3. Breit Interaction.- 4. Quantum Electrodynamic Corrections.- 5. Conclusion.- References.- 2 Relativistic Calculation of Atomic Transition Probabilities.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Relativistic Theory of Many-Electron Atoms.- 2.1. Relativistic Hamiltonian from Quantum Electrodynamics.- 2.2. Interpretation of the Dirac-Fock Approach.- 3. Relativistic Transition Energies.- 3.1. Atomic Binding Energies and X-Ray Transition Energies.- 3.2. Auger Energies.- 4. Radiative Transitions.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Formulation of Relativistic Radiative Transitions.- 4.3. Effects of Relativity, Retardation, and Higher Multipoles.- 4.4. Exchange and Overlap Corrections.- 4.5. K X-Ray Hypersatellites.- 5. Radiationless Transitions.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Relativistic Theory of Auger Transitions.- 5.3. Effects of Relativity on Auger Transitions.- 5.4. Analysis of K-LL and K-MM Auger Spectra.- 6. Auger and Fluorescence Yields of Multiply Ionized Atoms.- 6.1. Fluorescence Yields of Atoms with Multiple Vacancies.- 6.2. Effects of Relativity on the Decay of Few-Electron Ions.- 7. Summary.- References.- 3 Many-Body Effects in Energetic Atomic Transitions.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Higher-Energy Processes: Transitions from Inner Shells.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Binding Energy.- 2.3. Intensity.- 2.4. Satellites.- 3. Low-Energy Processes: Transitions from Subvalence Subshells.- 3.1. Weak Inner-Shell Transitions in the Presence of Strong Outer-Shell Transitions.- 3.2. Strong Inner-Shell Transitions with Weak Outer-Shell Transitions.- 4. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 4 Auger-Electron Spectrometry of Core Levels of Atoms.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Theory of Auger Transitions and Basic Considerations.- 2.1. Definitions and Notation.- 2.2. Theory of Auger Transitions; the Wentzel Ansatz.- 2.3. The Auger Effect Treated beyond the Wentzel Ansatz.- 3. Experimental Arrangements.- 4. Diagram Auger Transitions.- 4.1. Energies.- 4.2. Intensities.- 4.3. Linewidths.- 5. Auger Satellite Transitions Due to Many-Electron Effects.- 5.1. Satellite Transitions Due to Final-Ionic-State Configuration Interaction (FISCI).- 5.2. Satellite Transitions Due to Initial-State Configuration Interaction (ISCI)..- 6. Auger Spectra of Multiply Ionized Atoms.- 6.1. The (1s2p)-1 Auger Spectrum of Ne.- 6.2. Auger Spectra of Li-like Target Ions.- 7. Projectile Auger-Electron Spectrometry.- 8. Anisotropic Angular Distribution of Auger Electrons.- 8.1. Particle-Impact Experiments with Axial Symmetry.- 8.2. Photon-Impact Experiments with Axial Symmetry.- 8.3. Experiments with Plane Symmetry.- 9. Postcollision Interaction Effects in Auger Spectra.- References.- 5 Experimental Evaluation of Inner-Vacancy Level Energies for Comparison with Theory.- 1. Introduction and Overview.- 2. Methods for Determining Levels and Level Differences.- 2.1. Absorption Spectroscopy.- 2.2. Photoelectron and Auger-Electron Spectroscopies.- 2.3. Appearance-Potential Spectroscopy.- 2.4. X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy.- 3. Experimental Techniques for High-Accuracy Spectroscopy.- 3.1. Wavelength Determination in the Grating Region.- 3.2. Wavelength Problems in Crystal-Diffraction Spectroscopy.- 3.3. Local Scales and Conversion Factors.- 3.4. Wavelengths Based on X-Ray Interferometry.- 3.5. Wavelength Measurements with Focusing Instruments.- 4. Selected Experimental Results.- 4.1. Measurements from Direct-Reading Instruments.- 4.2. Measurements Referred to Directly Measured y-Ray Lines.- 4.3. Measurements Referred to Directly Measured X-Ray Lines.- 4.4. One-Electron and Few-Electron Spectra.- 5. Theoretical Calculations and Comparison with Experiment.- 5.1. Relativistic Self-Consistent-Field Calculations.- 5.2. Theoretical Relativistic SCF Estimates.- 5.3. Comparison with Experiment.- 5.4. Conclusions Derived from Comparison.- 6. Summary and Outlook.- 6.1
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