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Synopsis
This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1901 Excerpt: ...sulphites, and /iyfochorous acid hypochlorites. 995. Other characteristic terminal syllables.--The names given to compound radicals generally end in-yl. as methyl ethyl, butyl, amyl, bismuthyl, nitrosyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl, phenyl, etc. Names o( alcohols sometimes end with-ol, as in carbinol. phenol, cresol, thymol, etc; but the same c-nding is unfortunately also used in the names of other compounds, as in benzol, toluol, etc. Aldehydes and their derivatives are sometimes given names ending with-al, as in chloral. The terminal-ane appears in the names of hydrocarbons of the methane series, as in methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, etc. In the names of other hydrocarbons and their derivatives the terminal-cut is often used, as in benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, anthracene, etc. In the names of alkaloids the ending-ine is used, as in strychnine, aconitine, belladonnine, hyoscyamine, emetine, etc. Simple derivatives of ammonia, not containing oxygen, have names ending with the word amine, as methyl-aminc, ethyl-amine, propyl-amine, phenyl-amine, etc. Glucosides and other neutral principles have names ending with-in, as in salicin, populin, aloin, saponin, etc. Sugars receive technical names ending in-ose, as in sucrose or saccharose, glucose, lxvulosc, maltose, mclitose, mannitose, etc. But other carbohydrates also have received similarly constructed names, as, for instance, cellulose, which is not a sugar, but is the matter of which cotton, linen, and the walls of vegetable cells consist. CHAPTER LVII. LAWS GOVERNING THE DIRECTION AND COMPLETENESS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS. 996. The course or direction which a chemical reaction maytake is governed by various forces, among which the most important are electro-...
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