This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1849 edition. Excerpt: ... earth, and imparting to them forms, movements, and powers, which not only circumscribe time and space, but make the mightiest elements of nature succumb to man's sovereign will. Competition has dissected the body of mental exercise concomitant on the erection of steam-engines into what we call ten primary divisions, such as draughtsmen, pattern-makers, boilermakers, blacksmiths, iron and brassmoulders, vicemen, &c, &c. These primary divisions are often subdivided into as many separate divisions as there are different parts in an engine: one man moulds the cylinder, another moulds the cylinder-cover, and others mould different parts; one man turns the cylinder, a second turns its cover, a a third turns the piston, a fourth turns the piston-rod--and so on through all the primary divisions. Farther enumeration is unnecessary, as no one can fail to perceive that the mental exertion implied in the production of steam-engines is, by the division of labour, so transfused as to preclude the development of the minds of the labourers. These examples have been given, not because they are the only ones we can adduce (for all trades are in the same predicament), but because they represent two extremes--the one being among the most simple arts, the other amongst the most complex, showing how the division of labour reduces all nearly to a level. "We do not attribute entirely to competition the divisions of labour that take place in civilised society; there are some which obtain in consequence of the different tastes of individuals. Competition has extended these natural divisions, and split them up into innumerable distinct parts. The labourer has been converted into a mere machine--a tool; those qualities of his nature that constitute him a rational and...
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