The forms and scope of logic rest on assumptions of how language and reasoning connect to experience. In this volume an analysis of meaning and truth provides a foundation for studying modern propositional and predicate logics. Chapters on propositional logic, parsing propositions, and meaning, truth and reference give a basis for criteria that can be used to judge formalizations of ordinary language arguments. Over 120 worked examples of formalizations of propositions and arguments illustrate the scope and limitations of modern logic, as analyzed in chapters on identity, quantifiers, descriptive names, functions, and second-order logic. The chapter on second-order logic illustrates how different conceptions of predicates and propositions do not lead to a common basis for quantification over predicates, as they do for quantification over things. Notable for its clarity of presentation, and supplemented by many exercises, this volume is suitable for philosophers, linguists, mathematicians, and computer scientists who wish to better understand the tools they use in formalizing reasoning.
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"This book is for philosophers and researchers in artificial intelligence or natural language processing. It is dedicated to designing a foundation for as many logics as possible....can be worthwhile reading." --Computing Reviews"This book bridges a gap often felt by students of the humanities when starting with formal logic in the style of the usual textbook, and it intends to make the (hidden) relations of logic and language more transparent. . . .this is not an introduction to first-order logic as usual in mathematical logic, but an important supplement to such an introduction for the non-mathematician as well as for a philosophically minded mathematician."--Zentralblatt fur Mathematik und ihre Grenzgebiete Mathematics Abstracts"
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