The Art of Being in-between: Native Intermediaries, Indian Identity, and Local Rule in Colonial Oaxaca - Hardcover

Yannakakis, Yanna

Hardcover

ISBN 10: 0822341425 ISBN 13: 9780822341420

Publisher: Duke University Press, 2008

Synopsis

In The Art of Being In-between Yanna Yannakakis rethinks processes of cultural change and indigenous resistance and accommodation to colonial rule through a focus on the Sierra Norte of Oaxaca, a rugged, mountainous, ethnically diverse, and overwhelmingly indigenous region of colonial Mexico. Her rich social and cultural history tells the story of the making of colonialism at the edge of empire through the eyes of native intermediary figures: indigenous governors clothed in Spanish silks, priests' assistants, interpreters, economic middlemen, legal agents, landed nobility, and "Indian conquistadors." Through political negotiation, cultural brokerage, and the exercise of violence, these fascinating intercultural figures redefined native leadership, sparked indigenous rebellions, and helped forge an ambivalent political culture that distinguished the hinterlands from the centers of Spanish empire.Through interpretation of a wide array of historical sources-including descriptions of public rituals, accounts of indigenous rebellions, idolatry trials, legal petitions, court cases, land disputes, and indigenous pictorial histories-Yannakakis weaves together an elegant narrative that illuminates political and cultural struggles over the terms of local rule. As cultural brokers, native intermediaries at times reconciled conflicting interests, and at other times positioned themselves in opposing camps over the outcome of municipal elections, the provision of goods and labor, landholding, community ritual, the meaning of indigenous "custom" in relation to Spanish law, and representations of the past. In the process, they shaped an emergent "Indian" identity in tension with other forms of indigenous identity and a political order characterized by a persistent conflict between local autonomy and colonial control. This innovative study provides fresh insight into colonialism's disparate cultures and the making of race, ethnicity, and the colonial state and legal system in Spanish America.

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Review

"The Art of Being In-between is a very important contribution to understandings of the role of indigenous intermediaries in political and everyday life and of their agency in responding to, even shaping, the colonial legal system as it evolved over a long period of time. Scholars specializing in colonial Mesoamerica, as well as other parts of the Americas, will find Yanna Yannakakis's arguments highly pertinent to current discussions about law, politics, and state building."--Susan Kellogg, author of Law and the Transformation of Aztec Culture, 1500-1700

"Meticulously researched and engagingly written, The Art of Being In-between opens new dimensions for social and cultural history in the complex ethnic tapestries of the Sierra Norte de Oaxaca. Yanna Yannakakis's narrative elevates the historical role of native intermediaries--indios ladinos--in the persistence of communal identities through ethnic rivalries only dimly perceived by colonial authorities. This book illustrates the power of human agency in the negotiations among diverse indigenous peoples, Church, and Crown within the contradictions of colonial rule."--Cynthia Radding, author of Landscapes of Power and Identity: Comparative Histories in the Sonoran Desert and the Forests of Amazonia from Colony to Republic

"[Yannakakis] has written an accessible, lucid study. She frequently compares the particular history of the Villa Alta to other Mexican regions, clearly revealing the broader significance of this local study. Given the nature of her documentation, however, she necessarily offers a more complete examination of state demands placed on native elites than of local indigenous expectations of their leaders."--B. R. Larkin "Choice "

"As an original work of scholarship, based on archival sources in Oaxaca, Mexico City and Seville, this monograph will be of interest to all colonial Latin Americanist historians. Its coherent structure, clear writing style and compelling thesis also make it an ideal book to assign in graduate seminars."--Matthew Restall "Social History "

"Beautifully written, Yannakakis's book provides valuable insight into the relationships between the governors and the governed in the Indies, and intermediaries' efforts in keeping them balanced."--Claudia Guarisco "American Historical Review "

"Yannakakis' detailed analysis of a variety of sources--land disputes, legal petitions, idolatry trials, indigenous pictorial histories--is a worthy addition to the recent boom in sociocultural history that seeks to contextualize the use of language in the past."--Paul Charney "Colonial Latin American Historical Review "

"Yannakakis's well-written study offers one of the most engaging and insightful studies of New Spain's indigenous intermediaries in recent memory."--Andrew B. Fisher "Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History "

"Yannakakis's work is well researched and engagingly written, and her arguments serve to deepen current exchanges about conquest: indigenous agency, negotiations, and strategies; the conflicted and multifaceted nature of colonial rule; and the need for document-centered historical works that pay close attention to voices traditionally marginalized. This is an important contribution to the fields of social, cultural, and legal history, as well as ethnohistory. Although this work is most valuable to specialists in these fields, its clear and engaging prose will make it of interest also to nonspecialist readers."--SilverMoon "Latin American Politics and Society "

Synopsis

Focusing on Villa Alta, Oaxaca, a rugged, mountainous, and remote region of New Spain, this rich social and cultural history tells the story of the dynamic period prior to and after the Cajonos Rebellion of 1700 through the eyes of native intermediary figures: indigenous elites conversant in Spanish language and legal rhetoric. Early in their rule, Spanish officials had identified the native nobility as a caste of intermediaries who could help administer colonial society. Due to a lack of Spanish residents and personnel in the remote region of Villa Alta, bicultural native leaders participated more actively in the making of colonialism there than did indigenous people in colonial centres where many more Spaniards lived.From 1660 until Mexican independence in 1810, native leaders in the district of Villa Alta redefined native political leadership and helped to construct the symbolic order that allowed Spanish colonialism to endure despite the absence of a standing army.

Yet, the native nobles who learned to speak and write in Latin and Spanish and successfully petitioned the Crown to wear Spanish silks, carry swords, and ride horses had to answer not only to their Spanish overlords but also to the indigenous populace. Through their roles in village government, the Catholic Church, the legal system, and the Spanish system of forced labour and production, native brokers mediated between the competing demands of Spaniards and indigenous people, holding the colonial order in balance. Most often, they defused tensions within colonial society, but on occasion, as during the Cajonos Rebellion, the pressures were such that they abandoned the middle ground.

Edition details

• Publisher: Duke University Press
• Publication date: 2008
• ISBN 10: 0822341425
• ISBN 13: 9780822341420
• Binding: Hardcover
• Language: English
• Number of pages: 277