1 Introduction.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Organic farming.- 1.3 Conversion.- 1.4 Conservation grades.- 1.5 The cost of organic farming.- 1.6 How subsidies make organic farming uncompetitive.- 1.7 How does it work?.- 1.8 First World agriculture and Third World poverty.- 1.9 Fair trade and organic farming.- 1.10 History of the UK organic movement.- 1.11 Market size and share.- 1.12 Producers, processors and marketeers.- References.- 2 UK and European Community (EC) legislation.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Situation in the UK and the EC prior to EC legislation.- 2.3 Development of EC legislation.- 2.4 Summary of EC legislation as at 30 October 1993.- 2.4.1 Council Regulation 2092/91.- 2.4.2 Commission Regulation 94/92.- 2.4.3 Commission Regulation 1535/92.- 2.4.4 Council Regulation 2083/92.- 2.4.5 Commission Regulation 3457/92.- 2.4.6 Commission Regulation 3713/92.- 2.4.7 Commission Regulation 207/93.- 2.4.8 Commission Regulation 1593/93.- 2.4.9 Commission Regulation 2608/93.- 2.4.10 Commission Regulation 468/94.- 2.4.11 Commission Regulation 688/94.- 2.5 Structure of the EC legislation.- 2.6 Future developments on standards.- 2.7 Aid for organic farming.- 2.8 Overview.- References.- 3 Organic certification and the importation of organically produced foods.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Organic certification and its importance.- 3.3 Organic standards and certification protocol.- 3.4 Development of organic certification as a legal requirement.- 3.5 The structure of organic certification schemes in the EU.- 3.6 Certification protocol.- 3.6.1 Determination of eligibility of a business for organic certification.- 3.6.2 Making an application.- 3.6.3 Inspection.- 3.6.4 Post-inspection activities and certification.- 3.7 Imports of organically produced foods.- 3.7.1 Imports from approved Third Countries.- 3.7.2 Imports from non-approved Third Countries.- 3.8 The dynamics of organic certification.- Acknowledgement.- References.- 4 Fruit and vegetables.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Market structure and history.- 4.3 Availability.- 4.4 Growing systems compared.- 4.4.1 Non-organic growing systems.- 4.4.2 Organic growing systems.- 4.5 Types of market.- 4.5.1 Wholesale market.- 4.5.2 Supermarkets.- 4.5.3 Manufacturing/processing.- 4.6 Imports.- 4.7 Market overview.- 4.8 The future.- 5 Cereal products.- 5.1 Principal crops.- 5.1.1 Availability.- 5.1.2 Quality.- 5.2 Producing organic cereals.- 5.3 Processing requirements.- 5.3.1 Audit trail.- 5.3.2 Handling and processing.- 5.3.3 Ingredients.- 5.4 Existing products.- 5.5 Summary.- 6 Organic meat and meat products.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Legislation.- 6.3 Organic meat production.- 6.3.1 Production standards.- 6.3.2 Production systems.- 6.4 Processing and marketing organic meat.- 6.4.1 Processing standards.- 6.4.2 Marketing.- 6.5 Some practical processing and marketing considerations.- 6.5.1 Slaughtering and cutting organic meat.- 6.5.2 Retail outlets.- 6.5.3 Processed foods.- Acknowledgement.- References.- 7 Dairy products.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 The significance of milk.- 7.3 Milk quality.- 7.4 Animal husbandry on an organic dairy farm.- 7.4.1 Organisation.- 7.4.2 Living conditions.- 7.4.3 Feeding.- 7.4.4 Treating disease.- 7.4.5 Breeding.- 7.4.6 Weaning.- 7.5 Liquid milk processing.- 7.6 Cheese production.- 7.7 Yogurt making.- 7.8 Cream and butter production.- 7.9 Ice-cream and frozen yogurt production.- 7.10 Marketing organic dairy products.- 7.11 Market development.- 7.12 Types of organic dairy units.- 7.12.1 Processing on-farm.- 7.12.2 The independent dairy.- 7.12.3 The specialist organic dairy.- 7.13 Legislation.- 7.14 Summary.- 8 Other organic processed foods.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Organic spreads.- 8.2.1 Jams/pure fruit spreads.- 8.2.2 Nut butters.- 8.2.3 Chocolate and carob spreads.- 8.2.4 Tahini.- 8.2.5 Honey.- 8.3 Organic juices and grain syrups.- 8.3.1 Fruit and vegetable juices.- 8.3.2 Grain-based syrups.- 8.4 Organic sauces and pickles.- 8.4.1 Sauces.- 8.4.2 Pickles and olives.- 8.4.3 Mustard...
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The first edition of this book, published in 1994, established itself as the definitive guide to organic food processing. The rapid development of the organic sector since then has necessitated a completely rewritten and expanded second volume. The new edition will appeal to everyone interested in entering or supplying the organic food market. It is a work of reference for existing organic producers and colleges of agriculture, food science and food technology. This volume gives an international perspective on the many legal requirements of organic food processing and production: legislation, importation, certification, conversion and labelling. In addition, it also contains a detailed contacts list. The continued sales growth of organics is profiled, together with pointers for future performance, and industry experts review their specialist product categories.
"About this title" may belong to another edition of this title.
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