Excerpt from The Library of Original Sources, Vol. 10: Ideas That Have Influenced Civilization
In England from 1799 to 1824 there had grown up a mass of laws against restriction of trade, as a reaction against the mercantile theory of the eighteenth century. Until 1824 it was a crime to belong to a union. Such restrictions were partly removed in that year and more fully in 1871.
In the United States there were many local unions early in the century, but the first union including all the main trades of a city seems to have been in 1833 in New York. In 1861 a number of trades had a national organization. After the war organization was again begun and spread rapidly until the panic of '73. From 1877 to 1893 the labor unions seem to have had a rapid growth and the decrease in the panic of '93 was only about 12 per cent., not as great as during previous de pressions. To-day practically all general trades are well organized, especially in cities of some size.
The necessity of a city water supply, the general spread of lighting by gas, the invention of the railroad in 1814, of the telegraph in 1835, of the telephone in 1878, of the incandescent electric light in 1879, and the introduction of electric street railways all created a class of indus tries which have been called natural monopolies. They are all public utilities, and only one is essential in a given field; that is, each plays an important part in present day civilization, has in fact, become a public necessity, and as each is practically unlimited in possible capacity, it is vastly more economical to have one industry than two or more of the same kind in the same field.
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Paperback. Condition: New. Print on Demand. This book makes a philosophical argument for resolving inequalities within society and posits a classless, stateless society as a means of reaching that goal. The author, who was writing in the 19th century, was at the forefront of the socialist movement. This book explores the class struggle throughout history, from ancient Rome up to his own time. As the author observes societal evolution, the book identifies the ways in which the capitalist class has exploited the worker through the ownership of the means of production. The author predicted that if society continued on this path it would end in violent revolution. He saw communism as the only way to avoid this fate, a system that would eliminate class divisions and exploitation by abolishing private property and establishing a collective social order. Ultimately, this book advocates that the working class rise up and overthrow the capitalist system, establishing a classless society in which the means of production are communally owned. These are the central ideas that launched the modern socialist movement, and they continue to be debated and discussed today. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item. Seller Inventory # 9780243046515_0
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