springer netherlands jul 1973 (81 results)

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -For a quarter of a century the industrial Western world has been living in the euphoria of continuous improvements in welfare, based on economic programming, increasing integration and terms of trade which favor indus trial countries and discriminate against agricultural regions. It is true that recessions have periodically recurred during these years : time and again, however, government intervention succeeded in reducing them to mere 'in ventory cycles'. In contrast with the twenties and thirties, when economic policy in the West focused on fighting unemployment and stimulating investment, the postwar period has been characterized by a permanent concern to curb inflationary pressure, which was partly due to full-employ ment. The present welfare economy has given rise to a growth of the pro pensity to consume such that public policy has often been constrained to limit consumption and stimulate saving. In this new framework it has perhaps been forgotten that today's welfare owes much to the lessons from the past. The bitter world crisis experience of the thirties in particular has exerted a fruitful and decisive influence upon the search for means to prevent, eliminate or soften the cyclical fluctuations which the process of economic growth involves. Forty years after the out break of the greatest economic crisis ever, it seems useful to draw up the balancesheet of the lessons learned from it. There exists a large literature about the depression of the thirties. 304 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -It is difficult for us today to imagine that equal educational opportunity, with which we are so deeply preoccupied, was at one time considered to be if not an evil at least a futile objective, and that those who held such an opinion were completely insincere and even disinterested. For a vertically stratified society equality of education had to be opposed be cause it would disturb an equilibrium as vital as that of a building. In the Middle Ages only the Church was able to look for new members at the bottom of the social ladder, since ecclesiastical office was not inherited by birth. But efforts in this direction were necessarily very limited, even if only because of the material obstacles to such an aim. Equality of education, as well as any other type of equality could not even be imagined by the aristocracy whose very existence would have been threatened. Its initial indifference was followed by active opposition. When it became possible to formulate the question of the diffusion of education, in the 17th and 18th centuries, the principle itself met with a fundamental objection. The ruling class, idle by its very nature, feared that the workers and especially those on the land would abandon their productive labours, now felt to be degrading, and swell the ranks of the parasites in the cities. 164 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware 212 pp. Französisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -As the title of this book was meant to suggest, its subject is the way we talk about (and write about) works of art: or, rather, one of the ways, namely, the way we describe works of art for critical purposes. Be cause I wished to restrict my subject matter in this way, I have made a sharp, and no doubt largely artificial distinction between describing and evaluating. And I must, at the outset, guard against a misreading of this distinction to which I have left myself open. In distinguishing between evaluative and descriptive aesthetic judgments, I am not saying that when I assert 'X is p,' where p is a 'descriptive' term like 'unified,' or 'delicate,' or 'garish,' I may not at the same time be evaluating X too; and I am not saying that when I make the obviously 'evaluative' assertion 'X is good,' I may not be describing X. Clearly, if I say 'X is unified' I am evaluating X in that unity is a good-making feature of works of art; and as it is correct in English at least to call an evaluation a description, I do not want to suggest that if an assertion is evaluative, it cannot be de scriptive (although there have been many philosophers who have thought this indeed to be the case). 148 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Eine Gesellschaft ist nicht wert, was die Prinzipien ihrer Verfassung wert sind. An den Aufschriften ihrer Monumente und den Phrasen ihrer Festredner kann niemand ermessen, wie weit es eine Gesellschaft bei der Verwirklichung ihrer Menschlichkeit gebracht hat. Eine Gesellschaft ist wert, was die Verhaltnisse von Mensch zu Mensch innerhalb dieser Gesellschaft wert sind. ! Nicht selten kommt es vor, daB die tatsiichlichen Verhiiltnisse mit dem Hinweis auf Prinzipien verwischt und in Mystifikationen gehiillt werden. Nicht selten werden diese Prinzipien ,heilig' und ihre Giiltig keit ,ewig' genannt. Nicht selten werden sie gerechtfertigt, indem man sich auf gottliche Garantien beruft. Inzwischen jedoch steht fest, und es wird sich daran auch in Zukunft nichts iindern, daB jemand, der sich auf ,heilige,' ,ewige' und ,von Gott garantierte' Prinzipien beruft, damit noch nicht beweist, daB die tatsiichlich bestehenden Verhiilt nisse unter den Menschen in einer Gesellschaft wirklich menschlich sind. Menschlich sind die Verhaltnisse erst dann, wenn sie die An erkennung des Menschen durch den Menschen einschlieBen und dieser Anerkennung Gestalt geben. Aus dieser Oberzeugung heraus ist die vorliegende Schrift iiber das Recht geschrieben worden. Ich werde nicht aufhoren, diese meine Oberzeugung zu rechtfertigen, aber dennoch scheint es mir angebracht, bereits auf der ersten Seite dieses Buches ausdriicklich auf die Grund inspiration dieses Buches hinzuweisen. Ich habe mich nicht gescheut, den Terminus ,Naturrecht' zu gebrau chen, obwohl ich weiB, daB es viele gibt, die diesen Terminus nicht mehr Mren wollen. 264 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Ich empfinde es als eine besondere Ehre, an der Universitat Heidelberg Vorlesungen halten zu diirfen. Zugleich ist es aber fiir mich eine be sondere Freude, von der ehrwiirdigen Alma Mater, an der ich studiert habe und mein Doktorat gemacht habe, als Gastprofessor eingeladen zu sein. Ich muss aber gestehen, dass dies Gefiihl der Freude von einem merkwiirdigen Wunsch beeintrachtigt wird, den ich nicht ver jagen kann: ich wiirde es namlich vorziehen, hier wieder einmal als Student zu sein. Aber diese schone Zeit ist einmalig und kehrt nicht wieder zuriick. Das Thema meiner Doktorarbeit war Platons Dialektik des Seins. Sie ist erschienen in den Heidelberger Abhandlungen tur Philosophie und ihre Geschichte, herausgegeben von Heinrich Rickert und Ernst Hoffmann, im Jahre 1927. Ein Jahr darauf kam eine andere Arbeit hier in Deutschland iiber Plotins M etaphysik des Seins von mir heraus. Es ist also begreiflich, wenn ich jetzt zu der Alma Mater zuriickge kehrt iiber die Grundprobleme der Philosophie Platons zu Ihnen sprechen mochte. Man kann aber iiber Platon nicht sprechen, wenn man nicht iiber die Vorsokratiker, iiber die Sophisten und iiber Sokrates einiges wenigstens vorausschickt. Denn Platon hat wie kein anderer den vorherigen Gang der griechischen Philosophie vollkommen absorbiert und sich standig mit den Gedanken seiner Vorganger auseinandergesetzt. 104 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In many ways, Fray Antonio de Guevara (1480 -1545) is the forgotten man of the Spanish Renaissance. This century has seen the publication of four of his works, Aviso de privados (Paris, 1912), Menosprecio de Corte (Madrid, 1952), Epistolas familiares (Madrid, 1950), and Una Decada de Cesares (Chapel Hill, Nmth Carolina, 1966). A good modem edition of his most important work, Libro aureo de Marco Aurelio, is available only in a scholarly French magazine (Revue Hispanique, 76 [1929]), and its enlarged version, Relox de principes, can be found in its entirety only in the major libraries of the civilized world. Yet, once this writer was the most popular author of Europe whose works were con sidered the most widely read after the Bible, according to a frequently quoted statement of Merik Casaubon. Regardless of one's personal opinion about the merits of his books, no one will quarrel with the propo sition that additional studies dealing with the writings of Guevara are desirable. The acceptance of Guevara's writings, in spite of their popularity, was by no means unanimous. The purpose of this book is to present a detailed history of the differing reactions to the author and to explore their back ground and causes. We shall also note how the polemics about Guevara reflect the changing intellectual climate of the passing centuries. 152 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -K. Kuypers: HUMAN SCIENCES AND THE PROBLEM OF VALUES 1 H. G. Gadamer: DAS ONTOLOGISCHE PROBLEM DES WERTES 17 Manfred Moritz: AXIOLOGY AND ANALYSIS 33 Ch. Perelman: LA JUSTIFICATION DES NORMES 47 Max Black: THE 'FACTUAL' AND THE 'NORMATIVE' 55 P. Lorenzen: ON JUSTIFYING NORMS 65 Richard McKeon: FACTS, VALUES AND ACTIONS 73 N. Rotenstreich: 'FREEDOM FROM VALUES' EXAMINED 87 PREFACE In accordance with a suggestion made in the preceding assembly of the Institute in Helsinki (1970), as theme of the Entretiens in Amsterdam was chosen: Human sciences and the problem of values. As usual the organization of the Entretiens was committed to a local committee in close collaboration with the office of the Institute in Paris. The confer ence was held from 8 till II September 1971 in the so called Trippenhuis (house where lived the family Trip in the 17th and 18th century), seat of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences and Letters. The sessions were attended by about 70 people, not only members but also some invited colleagues and assistants representing the philosophers in the Dutch universities. The papers were multiplied and distributed to the participants some time before the beginning of the conference. By so doing each speaker (rapporteur) could restrict himself to a short summary of the main points of his paper or a short comment as introduction, immediately followed by a general discussion. 116 pp. Englisch, Französisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -I. Since the appearance in 1902 of Benedetto Croce's L'estetica come scienza dell' espressione e linguistica generale, the problem of the ontology of the work of art or aesthetic object - what kind of thing it is and what its mode of being is - has come to occupy a central place in the philosophy of art. Moreover, a particular conception of the identity of art objects is at present a driving force in some quarters of the art world itself. As Harold Rosenberg so well points out, Minimalist or Reductive Art has attempted, sometimes quite self-consciously, to establish the autonomous physical reality of the work of art by empty ing it of all expressive and representational content. ! What is the ontological problem One rather crude way of stating it is to ask where the work of art or object of aesthetic contemplation 2 exists. Is it, to pick some examples, to be identified with the material product of the artist's labors which exists spatially 'outside of' and independently of artist and beholder Or does it exist only 'in the mind' of the beholder or the artist Is it either one perception of a beholder or a series of his perceptions Or is it the class of all percep tions of either all spectators or all 'qualified' spectators Put another way, it would be a question of whether and to what such purported names as 'Beethoven's Fifth Symphony' refer. 140 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Eine im Zuge der Neuausgabe von Husserls Ideen I vorgenom mene Durchforschung des gesamten Husserlschen Nachlasses ließ den Vf. auf eine Vielzahl von Manuskripten stoßen, die in unmittelbarem Zusammenhang mit den Ideen I stehen. So sehr nun diese der neuen Ausgabe beigefügten Texte erlauben, hinter die technisch-trockene Vorderansicht des Werkes zurück- bzw. über sie hinauszugehen, so sehr bedürfen diese nach Inhalt und Entstehungszeit recht heterogenen und oft nur bruchstückhaft erhaltenen Notizen erst einmal einer Erschließung nach Bedeu tung und Tragweite des in ihnen Gesagten. In der Reflexion auf sie zeigte sich, daß an diesen Texten sich ein beständiger Fort gang in Husserls denkerischer Entwicklung ablesen läßt, während Ziele und Antriebe seiner Arbeit in erstaunlicher Weise als die selben beharren. Sie finden ihre Einheit in seinem Begriff der phänomenologischen Philosophie, auf den auch der Haupttitel der Ideen vordeutet. Diese Leitidee wird im I. Buch der Ideen als reine Phänomenologie verwirklicht. Daher galt es dem Spannungs verhältnis zwischen reiner oder mundaner und philosophischer bzw. transzendentaler Phänomenologie insgesamt nachzuspüren, um so Unveränderung und Wandlung, Zerteiltheit und Zentrie rung der Phänomenologie Husserls am Beispiel seines Haupt werkes positiv begreifen zu können. Vielleicht ergibt sich daraus u. a. , daß Husserls Anknüpfung an die platonische Idee der Philosophie viel unmittelbarer war, als er selber zu vermuten wagte. Mein Dank gilt Prof. H. L. Van Breda, dem Direktor des Husserl-Archivs zu Löwen, für die Erlaubnis zur ausführlichen Zitierung aus Husserls Nachlaßmanuskripten; Prof. 210 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -physical realist heavily bverlaid with the interpretation afforded by linguistic analysis, so he changed, too. But at the time, which was approximately during the second decade of the twentieth century, they were no doubt very close in their views. Russell acknowledged the influence of Wittgenstein in several places in the 1918 lectures on logical atomism. Wittgenstein might not have written the Tractatus had Russell not given the lectures on logical atomism, or at least had he not maintained the views there expressed. Certainly it is true in a very large sense that the Tractatus may be interpreted as a commentary on the 1918 lectures of Russell. Wittgenstein certainly did not hear them but, as Russell said, the topics were discussed together; and the debt of the Tractatus to the views of the contents of the lectures is obvious. Since Wittgenstein was the pupil and Russell the teacher, we may assume, despite the mutual influence, that the greater effect was Russell's. There is no space in which to go into a thorough analysis of the predecessors of Wittgenstein and of the influences upon him. In addition, there is not sufficient data. One clue, however, we are given. One of his friends has informed us that Wittgenstein 'did read and enjoy Plato' and 'recognized congenial features' in his philosophical method 1, although, to be sure, Wittgenstein is not said to have been a great reader of philosophy. 240 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Adam Smith was one of the most important seminal social philosophers of modern times. Although his great masterpiece - the Wealth at Nations - is most frequently associated with the field of economics, it has exer cised a profound and abiding influence not only in that but in all areas of social theory and practice as well. In view of this it is not a little puzzling that after nearly two centuries there does not exist a single reliable account of the full range of his social philosophy. The 'circumstances which have contributed to this void in the literature are easily identified. All who are at all familiar with Smith's life and writings recognize that he was a philosopher by profession and that all his writings were conceived and executed as works of philosophy. During his lifetime his work was viewed iIi that perspective. At about the time of his death in 1790, however, Smith's work was eclipsed in the field of philosophy by Hume and Reid in Great Britain and Kant on the conti nent. Thereafter the interpretation of his writings was taken up by those who were profoundly interested in only one aspect of his work, viz. , his political economy. In the process of explicating that feature of his thought the social philosophy upon which his political economy was based and of which it was but one application was at first ignored and then represented as rather simplistic. 184 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The Steering Committee for the Plan Europe 2000, Project 1: Education, invited the working group to analyse the problems of technical and vocational education projected over the next 30 years, both at se condary school and at university level. This report summarises the findings of approximately two years' research and discussion by the group, coordinated by the undersigned. It is in fact a combined report, although one chapter - the eighth is devoted specifically to university problems. This we consider to be amply justified by the nature of the subjects discussed: it is difficult to make a clear-cut distinction between solutions on the secondary level and solutions on the post-secondary level, especially when they are projected into the future. The group organised its work as follows: it consulted the literature to the extent possible and sought replies to a comprehensive analytical questionnaire from a wide sample of experts in different countries (the composition of the sample is described in the opening section of Appendix A); it arranged many meetings with qualified persons for discussions, as well as visits by individuals or small groups to training institutions in several European countries to meet experts in this field and it took part in national and international congresses and conferen ces on technical and/or vocational training and associated problems. 192 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The essays in this book analyze significant perspectives of the recent past in American philosophy; they represent some of the major trends of this period. Alfred North Whitehead is included with the recent American philosophers since his major philosophic ideas were fully developed in this country. There has been no attempt to deal comprehensively with this period. Several philosophers of equal importance who also deserve attention-C. l. Lewis, A. O. Love joy, W. F. Montague, R. B. Perry, F. J. E. Woodbridge, and others have not been discussed. Most of the essays were published at various times in various journals. Though all of the perspectives are presented with sympathetic understanding, they are also critically evaluated. 2 AMERICAN PHILOSOPHY OF THE RECENT PAST But even more than individual philosophers and schools of philos ophy the larger background of contemporary American life has nour ished the empirical spirit. Science as the most pervasive climate of our intellectual and practical activity has enhanced the empirical attitude. The great development, in this country, of business and technological industry has encouraged the pragmatic, empirical outlook. Empiricism, however, is an ambiguous term, and its different meanings have different philosophic consequences. For some it means that only concrete personal experience can be accepted as reality; for others it means the succession of sense-impressions. The more recent usage, the one that has been dominant in American philosophy, identifies empiricism with objectively and socially verifiable pronounce ments, that is, with experimentalism, or confirmation through demon strable evidence. 100 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -GENERAL PROBLEMS IN NIETZSCHE INTERPRETATION Every philosopher presents special problems of interpretation. With Nietzsche these problems are especially crucial. The very richness of Nietzsche's thought and expression becomes a trap for the incautious or imaginative mind. Perhaps the greatest temptation for the in terpreter of Nietzsche is to attempt to 'systematize' his thought into a consistent whole. Any such attempt necessarily results in distortion, for there is a fluidity in Nietzsche's thought which does not lend itself to strict categorization. This is not to deny that there are certain organic patterns in his philosophy. These patterns emerge, however, as Jaspers correctly insists, only upon careful, critical comparison of pertinent passages drawn from the entire corpus of Nietzsche's works. No single passage can be taken as a definitive statement of Nietzsche's views of any particular subject. Frequently, by presenting two or three especially relevant quotations from the author being considered, the correctness of his interpretation. With Nietz a critic can support sche, however, such a procedure is inadequate, for in many cases other passages can be found which will support an alternative, if not oppo site, interpretation. Nor is this difficulty alleviated by vast compi lations of relevant passages, for then one could gain just as much, and quite likely more, from re-reading Nietzsche's works themselves. 232 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume grew out of a dissatisfaction with some issues that seem to be rooted in the Empiricist tradition. At least since Locke, that which is perceived has enjoyed a major share in any systematic account of what we claim to know. A main purpose of this study therefore is first to distinguish, and subsequently to relate, what can be perceived and what can be under stood. To this end, the account of persons and personal identity begins with a description of selected types of sense perceptions. While writing a good part of the discussion on vision, I had the advantage of questioning Dr. P. B. Loder about the properties of light. She not only clarified some issues, but prevented several errors from creeping into the text, a result for which I am very grateful. I should like also to express my appreciation to Mrs. G. K. Stamm-Okkinga, who provided hospitality and a friendly interest from the beginning of this study. Finally I wish to thank Miss I. Ris and Mr. W. de Regt for their careful and resourceful preparation of the typescript. 136 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -We have in this volume, compiled a connected account of the proceedings of the Symposium on Wolf-Rayet and High-Temperature Stars held at Buenos Aires. The Organizing Committee had assigned broad areas of topical interest to be reviewed by invited speakers. Each of these presentations was followed by lengthy discussions that were tape recorded and transcribed later. These discussions have been edited only to a limited extent. We have shortened them and rearranged them to bring about a greater coherence. We have, however, attempted to retain the tenor of the discussions, the flavour of impromptu remarks and the continuity of an argument. Much of the success of such a venture depends on the contributors to the discussions. To be able to make these thoughts available to a larger audience has been the task of those re sponsible for the elaborate tape recording of the proceedings. We thank those at the Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio for the efficient way in which this re sponsibility has been discharged. Many at Buenos Aires and Kodaikanal have contrib uted efficient assistance to the preparation of this volume and we are deeply indebted for their help. In particular, two amongst these, Nora Martinez and A. M. Batcha have contributed overwhelmingly both to the organization of the symposium and the final preparation of the symposium volume. Financial support for this symposium came from the International Astronomical Union and the Argentine National Research Council. 280 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The proposal to organize a Symposium on circumstellar matter and extended atmo spheres in binary systems was first made by the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory to the Executive Committee of the International Astronomical Union in the summer of 1969. It received the support of the presidents of Commissions 29 (Stellar Spectra), 30 (Radial Velocities), 36 (Stellar Atmospheres), and 42 (Photometric Double Stars). Approval in principle was given by the Executive Committee almost immediately, and the Committee further suggested that the Symposium be officially designated the Struve Memorial Symposium. Final approval was given at the time of the 1970 General Assembly of the Union. when the dates of the Symposium were set for August or September, 1972. The Organizing Committee set up consisted of K. O. Wright (Chairman), A. H. Batten, K. -H. B6hm, A. A. Boyarchuk, G. Larsson-Leander, and M. Plavec. In addition, J. Sahade and F. B. Wood acted as advisory members. Local organization was entrusted to a committee consisting of A. H. Batten, E. K. Lee, and C. D. Scarfe. The final dates selected were September 6-12, 1972, and the Sym posium was held at the Island Hall Hotel, Parksville, B. C. , on Vancouver Island some 90 miles from Victoria. The Organizing Committee attempted to arrange a Symposium of the type in which no contributed papers would be presented and discussion would range as widely as possible over the field covered by the six invited review papers. 308 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This study on 'Exercise testing and training in coronary heart disease' is a remarkable compilation of numerous research studies, primarily from labora tories in Europe and the United States over the last decade or more. The topic reflects a growing awareness of and concern about the rapidly expanding understanding of the pathophysiology of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Since muscular exercise increases aerobic metabolism of myocardial and working skeletal muscles, greater flow of oxygenated blood is required by each; yet underlying vascular disease restricts these responses. This implicit paradox is here considered forthrightly. Examination of these relationships in symptomatic patients requires care and caution, because of the potential and occasionally real risks entailed. Accordingly, indirect assessment, particularly by noninvasive techniques, becomes increasingly important to detecting and monitoring - for the safety of the patients studied - the evidence of myocardial ischemia and impairment of left ventricular function under stress. Adequate assessment requires well-designed experimental studies to quantify true relationships and to measure the limits of functional capacity and the mechanisms of its impairment. Further more, alterations can be induced by therapy, whether this be pharmacological, medical or surgical, or achieved by physical reconditioning through exercise training. Not only is the cardiovascular system impaired by discrete and diffuse vascular lesions at central sites, but the degree of impairment is dynamic rather than static. 88 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -1.0 Introduction 1.1 Philosophy 1.2 Ethics 1.3 Ethical aspects of nursing 1.4 Code of ethics 1.5 Personal aspects of illness 1.6 Social aspects of illness 1.7 Economic aspects of illness 1.8 Summary 1.0 Introduction As a nurse you are going to be caring for other people, many of whom may be very ill and distressed. Some may have lost their ability to reason, whilst others may never have had this facility. This has a number of effects. For example, it may give rise to personal fears, anxieties and bewilderment, or to aggression and destructive ness. It causes social upsets within the family, at work and in society. Coupled with this are the economic effects, first to the individual and secondly to the community. From the nurse's point of view, all these aspects are important but there are two aspects which are of particular importance. In order to do your job well you will need a lot of knowledge and this will mean much study. You will, after a time, look upon increasing your knowledge as a pleasure to be enjoyed and not as a chore to be endured. This love of knowledge, or more precisely, love of wisdom is called Philosophy. During your professional career you will be forming relationships with other people. Your relationships are going to be different, in one important respect, from ordinary relationships, because of the mental state of those with whom you will relate. 392 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -XIV Seen as a whole, however, I regard the work before us to be especially noteworthy precisely because of its illumination of both the social contexts surrounding the law and the ideas which underlie the efforts towards criminal law reform. An analysis of this kind has not appeared until now, to my knowledge, even in the German literature on the subject, so that this book is of great value to the German reader as well as the American. B. Particulars In Chapter IV: A the authors give a general introduction into the development of the German criminal law reform. In that connection they recognize the special role of the Christian Democratic (CDU), Socialist (SPD) coalition in the political situation [leading to passage of the reform law]. The authors emphasize the importance of the introduction of a uniform prison sentence [that is to say the termination of the distinction between kinds of prison sentences] and the elimination of short term prison sentences, as the main points of the reform in the 'general part' of the code. They remark (pages 170; 192) that a uniform concept of the goal of punishment is still lacking, although, when all is said, there is a general agreement on the principle of resocialization. 292 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This second volume of our Annual bibliography of the history of the printed books and libraries contains about 2600 entries, i. e. some one hundred more than the preceding volume. by the National Committees of the They have been selected and recorded following countries: Austria Hungary Belgium Luxembourg Bulgaria The Netherlands Denmark Norway Finland Poland France Rumania Germany (Democratic Republic) South Africa Germany (Federal Republic) Switzerland Great Britain USSR is a reasonable expectation that beginning with the next volume, There the literature published in following countries will also be included: Czechoslovakia Spain Iceland Sweden Italy USA Portugal Yugoslavia The editor will, of course, continue his endeavours to persuade other countries than those mentioned above, to enter in this joint venture of international scientific collaboration. VIII INTRODUCTION Subject As has been said in the introduction to the previous volume, this bibli ography aims at recording all books and articles of scholarly value which relate to the history of the printed book, to the history of the arts, crafts, techniques and equipment, and of the economic, social and cultural environment, involved in its production, distribution, conservation, and description. Excluded are books and articles on modern technical processes. The history of techniques not primarily connected with book production is only admitted if the publication in question has a bearing on the history of the book, e. g. engraving is only admitted in its book-illustration context. Only items of a scholarly nature are recorded. 256 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Twelve years after his Origin of Species, Charles Darwin published his Descent of Man. If the first book brought the gases of philosophi cal controversy to fever heat, the second exploded them in fiery roars. The issue was the nature, the condition, and the destiny of genus humanum. According to the prevailing Genteel Tradition mankind was a congregation of embodied immortal souls, each with its fixed identity, rights and duties, living together with its immortal neigh bors under conditions imposed by 'the laws of nature and of nature's God.' Obedience or disobedience of these laws destined all to eternal bliss or eternal damnation. What had come to be called 'evolution' was assimilated to the Tradition in diverse interpretations such as John Fiske's, Henry Drummond's and Charles Pierce's. Their common ten dency was to establish 'evolution' as somehow the method whereby divine providence ordains the conditions under which man accom plishes his destiny. The most productive competitor of the Genteel Tradition went by various names, with positivism, materialism and naturalism the most telling. Its success as competitor was not due to its theological or metaphysical import. Its success flowed from its mode of observing how effects or results, those undesired as well as those desired, got produced. Unified and generalized, these observations were taken for notations of causal sequences always and everywhere the same, thus for laws of 'nature' to whose workings 'the providence of God' added nothing productive and could be and was dispensed with. 124 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -1.1. Methods of document description and analysis The task of describing and analyzing documents for some specific purpose is fairly old and well known. Although many methods have been evaluated and tested, every new problem needs a new kind of procedure. This is not surprising, because documents are very complex phenomena and their analysis depends on numerous considerations about formal characteristics, language, contents, and the role of man in relation to documents. In general there are at least five different approaches to document description: (a) The hermeneutical method. The main approach here is to interpret a document either in the light of its historical position at the time it was produced or from the viewpoint of its meaning today. Another variant of the hermeneutical method is to interpret the author's motives and intentions in writing the document, either by quoting and interpreting the document itself or by comparing it with the biography of the author. All the various kinds of hermeneutical interpretation try to reconstruct some of the conceptualization of the author, using different terms and systems from those of the author. 200 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In an age which is supposedly experiencing a sexual revolution, a volume of thoughtful essays on eros is not only not out of place but perhaps is a positive contribution to the understanding of contempor ary man. It was the conviction of the editors that the scientific view of sexuality, as promoted in such valuable studies as those conducted by Masters and Johnson, needed considerable supplement and per spective. The perspective is here furnished by writers from both Europe and America, authors from various fields, such as philosophy, psychology, and even musicology, all of whom are united, in that their approach to the problem of eros is phenomenologically oriented. At first it might well seem strange that musicology would have much to say about eros. It is true, musicology has been the 'science' of music, at least in intent. Yet in a larger view of the discipline, philo sophical and aesthetic problems are also important to it, and this particularly if we agree with Enzo Paci, that our very culture depends on eros. Surely musical culture, as pointed out by Kierkegaard, is the embodiment of what western civilization has known as sensuality; and Mozart's Don Giovanni is its incarnation. On the surface it is easier for us to grasp the work of the philosopher in this area; and, of course, one expects the psychologist to deal with sexuality more explicitly than anyone else. 180 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Under the inspiring guidance of my mentor, Curt Sachs, this work was conceived, planned, and executed. It gained in dimension under the acute and patient perusal of Gustave Reese to whose brilliant propensity for clarity of thought and of style lowe a huge debt. Furthermore, the helpful suggestions made by Martin Bernstein and by Jan LaRue are gratefully acknowledged. If Jaap Kunst had not kindly gone to the trouble of ordering, supervising the con struction of, and mailing to me from Amsterdam his personally designed monochord, an important section of this work could not have taken form. This preface is not complete, of course, without final thanks to my husband, Harvey B. N atanson, for his sustained interest and encouragement. R. B. Note As the present work goes to press, the political map of Africa is flowing into a new mold. Several countries have obtained independence, and new names and data should be con sidered: French Equatorial Africa has become (November 28-December I, 1958) four independent countries - Republic of the Congo: Brazzaville (formerly Middle Congo), Gabon Republic (formerly Gabon), Central African Republic (formerly Ubangi-Shari), and Republic of Chad (formerly Chad). The Belgian Congo has become (June 30, 1960) the Republic of the Congo: Leopoldville. 300 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The past few years have seen a revival of interest in Thomas Reid's philosophy. His moral theory has been studied by D. D. Raphael (The Moral Sense) and his entire philosophical position by S. A. Grave (The Scottish Philosophy of Common Sense). Prior to both, A. D. Woozley gave us the first modern reprint of Reid's Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man - in fact the first edition of any work by Reid to appear in print since the Philosophical Works was edited in the nineteenth century by Sir William Hamilton. But Reid's aesthetic philosophy has not received its due. Woozley, in abridging the Essays, omitted the whole final essay, 'On Taste,' which is the only extended work on aesthetic theory that Reid ever published. Raphael, being interested primarily in Reid's moral theory, understand ably, treated aesthetics only as it was related to morality. And Grave, although he did present a short and very cogent resume of Reid's aes thetic position, obviously found himself drawn to other elements of Reid's philosophy. There are, of course, some accounts of Reid's aes thetic theory to be found in the various studies of eighteenth-century British aesthetics and criticism. None, however, appears to me to do any kind of justice to the philosophical questions which Reid treats in his aesthetics and philosophy of art. 68 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -I. Introduction to Duclos.- II. A definition of the Maxim in Duclos¿ novels.- III. The Maxims in Histoire de Madame de Luz.- IV. The Maxims in the Confessions du Comte de\*\*\*.- V. The Maxims in M¿ires sur les Moeurs de ce Si¿e.- VI. The Maxims in the novels of Duclos: A conclusion. 168 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -To those of us who have been privileged to call him col league, Georges Estes Barton is perhaps best and most fondly remembered as the man with a camera. At the beginning of every semester he could be observed carefully photographing each of his arriving students, and while we used to chaff him about this practice, all of us respected the motive behind it. For George Barton was and is a dedicated teacher and in his courses no student ever would be suffered to remain simply a face in the crowd. His favorite teaching technique has always been Socratic discourse, and he is, as Professors Roberts and DuBose remind us in their essays for this volume, a master of the method. In his chosen field of philosophy of education he has long been recognized as a leader, serving several terms on the Executive Committee of the Philosophy of Education Society and in I963 as its President. In I966 St. Edwards University conferred upon him the honorary degree LL.D in recognition of his significant contributions to curriculum development. Following a distinguished career in general education and educational research at the Rochester Institute of Technology and at the University of Chicago, Professor Barton was ap pointed in I956 to direct Tulane's Inter-Disciplinary Program for the Preparation of Liberally Educated Teachers. In Fe bruary I962, having seen the program through to a successful conclusion, he joined the Department of Philosophy at Newcomb College as Associate Professor of Philosophy. 156 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware 112 pp. Spanisch.