Defoe s excellence it is, to make me forget my specific class, character, and circumstances, and to raise me while I read him, into the universal man. Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Among the few English novels which we can call indisputably great. Virginia Woolf"
"Defoe's excellence it is, to make me forget my specific class, character, and circumstances, and to raise me while I read him, into the universal man."--Samuel Taylor Coleridge
"Among the few English novels which we can call indisputably great."--Virginia Woolf
Daniel Defoe (1660-1731) was born in London. His father, a butcher, sent him to Charles Morton's academy to study for the ministry, but Defoe entered the business world instead and achieved some initial success as a commission agent. In 1684, he married Mary Tuffley, a prosperous merchant's daughter. The following year, stirred by the spirit of adventure, he took part in Monmouth's rebellion; and in 1688, he joined a volunteer regiment that acted as William III's escort into London. By 1692, Defoe's business affairs had floundered, and his creditors filed suit against him. He talked his way out of debtors' prison and took up manufacturing, eventually becoming the owner of some tile works at Tilbury. About this time, he started to write. His poem
The True-Born Englishman, published in 1701, met with resounding success. In 1702, he attacked the Tories in the pamphlet
The Shortest Way with the Dissenters. This work enraged the government, and Defoe was imprisoned. Released in November 1704, he became a secret agent for the government, working in favor of the union. Defoe continued to write pamphlets, and it was not until some years later that he turned to fiction. Between 1718 and 1723, he published
Robinson Crusoe,
Moll Flanders, and
A Journal of the Plague Year. He lived for a time in style, but gradually the creditors crept back. Forced to go into hiding, Defoe died, a lonely and hunted man, in Ropemaker's Alley, Moorfields, on April 26, 1731.
Regina Barreca, Professor of English Literature and Feminist Theory at the University of Connecticut, is an award-winning columnist for the
Hartford Courant. She is the author or editor of numerous books, including
They Used to Call Me Snow White. . .But I Drifted and
The Penguin Book of Women's Humor. She has also regularly published articles in
The New York Times,
The Washington Post,
Chicago Tribune, and dozens of magazines.