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Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 37: From May, 1901, to May, 1902 (Classic Reprint) - Softcover
Excerpt from Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 37: From May, 1901, to May, 1902
Compressibility is a universal property of matter. It is so essential an attribute of the experimental universe that it is ascribed even to the imponderable and imaginary ether as well as to material. The three states of matter are compressible in very varying degrees, dilute gases being compressible to a great extent, highly compressed gases and liquids to a far less extent, and solids to an extent usually even less than liquids. The first case has been studied in great detail, the last two scarcely at all.
Compressibility is simply an evidence of work done upon a system by a given pressure. If the application of considerable pressure in a system causes only a slight change of volume, it is evident that there must be other powerful influences at work. Clearly a clue as to the variation in these influences can be found in the quantitative study of the phenomena.
In all reversible cases which may be studied directly, an increase in pressure is accompanied by an increase of resistance to pressure and a diminution of volume. This depends upon the fundamental idea of equilibrium, and is a special case of the general principle sometimes named after Le Chatelier. Working backwards from this idea, one may infer with regard to any given substance at a given temperature, that it is under the influence of great pressure if its volume-change is unusually small under addition of a given pressure.
There are two conceivable causes of great compression in a substance. The pressure may be applied from the outside, or it may be due to the mutual internal attraction or affinity of the smallest particles of the substance for one another. That is, the substance may be compressed either by an outside pressure, or by the intensity of its own cohesion. The first may be typified by highly compressed gases, the second by liquids, whose small compressibility may be taken as evidence of great compression.
In solids one must consider also the directive agency which manifests itself in crystalline form and optical structure. In a few cases the crystallogenic force seems to be rather directive than attractive; in other cases it seems to have both properties, for considerable diminution in volume may occur. The presence of the crystal-making force compli cates the phenomena and is a considerable stumbling-block in the way of the study of the internal tension of solids.
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This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Compressibility is a universal property of matter. It is so essential an attribute of the experimental universe that it is ascribed even to the imponderable and imaginary ether as well as to material. The three states of matter are compressible in very varying degrees, dilute gases being compressible to a great extent, highly compressed gases and liquids to a far less extent, and solids to an extent usually even less than liquids. The first case has been studied in great detail, the last two scarcely at all.
Compressibility is simply an evidence of work done upon a system by a given pressure. If the application of considerable pressure in a system causes only a slight change of volume, it is evident that there must be other powerful influences at work. Clearly a clue as to the variation in these influences can be found in the quantitative study of the phenomena.
In all reversible cases which may be studied directly, an increase in pressure is accompanied by an increase of resistance to pressure and a diminution of volume. This depends upon the fundamental idea of equilibrium, and is a special case of the general principle sometimes named after Le Chatelier. Working backwards from this idea, one may infer with regard to any given substance at a given temperature, that it is under the influence of great pressure if its volume-change is unusually small under addition of a given pressure.
There are two conceivable causes of great compression in a substance. The pressure may be applied from the outside, or it may be due to the mutual internal attraction or affinity of the smallest particles of the substance for one another. That is, the substance may be compressed either by an outside pressure, or by the intensity of its own cohesion. The first may be typified by highly compressed gases, the second by liquids, whose small compressibility may be taken as evidence of great compression.
In solids one must consider also the directive agency which manifests itself in crystalline form and optical structure. In a few cases the crystallogenic force seems to be rather directive than attractive; in other cases it seems to have both properties, for considerable diminution in volume may occur. The presence of the crystal-making force compli cates the phenomena and is a considerable stumbling-block in the way of the study of the internal tension of solids.
About the Publisher
Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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- PublisherForgotten Books
- Publication date2018
- ISBN 10 1334339856
- ISBN 13 9781334339851
- BindingPaperback
- Number of pages774
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Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 37
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Book Description Paperback. Condition: New. Print on Demand. Excerpt from Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. About the Publisher, Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. This text has been digitally restored from a historical edition. Some errors may persist, however we consider it worth publishing due to the work's historical value. The digital edition of all books may be viewed on our website before purchase. print-on-demand item. Seller Inventory # 9781334339851_0
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