It is a fact, an unfortunate fact, that economic relations between the West and the Arab and other Islamic countries could for many years be described accurately in just three words "Oil for Arms" or alternatively "Arms for Oil". This has a long history going back to the First World War, when the Ottoman Empire was broken up between the British and French Empires and client regimes were established in the newly created states. The Second World War brought in the American Empire, but the main purpose of all these empires was to control the rich oil reserves in the region. Arms were supplied as necessary to maintain the client regimes in power. This became essential if oil was to remain cheap. Not only does the "Middle East" region contain the richest reserves of cheap oil and gas, but the oil and gas in the other regions of current supply are due to run out during the second decade of the 21st. century. [Thus] competition for access to the remaining reserves of cheap oil and gas is likely to become stiff.
Even before the first Gulf War several thousand US military personnel were positioned in several of the Gulf states, and the Gulf War created the need for a massive US base in Saudi Arabia itself, which came to be deeply resented by such Islamic fundamentalists as Osama Bin Laden. Once any country adopted imported oil and gas as the main sources of supply of energy, such supplies had then to be kept cheap, and that meant exercising control over the resources and the security of supply. In this book it will be necessary to examine the hidden costs of reliance on cheap oil and gas by those countries which took that decision.