Published in 1994 in hardback by Whittle Books (in association with Viking Penguin), this 147 page hardback volume is entitled 'War and Peace in the Middle East: A Critique of American Policy', written by Avi Shlaim. Chapters: Introduction; 1. The Post-Ottoman Syndrome; 2. Succeeding John Bull; 3. America Between Arabs and Israelis; 4. Realpolitik in the Gulf; 5. Tilting Toward Iraq; 6. Desert Shield and Desert Storm; 7. Madrid and After; 8. Pax Americana; Notes on Sources. About this book [from introduction]: Today, although the Cold War is over and although the Israel-PLO accord of September 13, 1993, marks the beginning of a new era in the century-old conflict between Jews and Arabs in Palestine, the Middle East remains one of the most volatile subsystems of the international political system. To the Western observer, it frequently appears not merely unstable but irrational and unaccountably hostile, seething with political extremism and religious fanatacism. External involvement in Middle East affairs can be divided into four phases: the Ottoman, the European, the superpower, and the American. When European power was eclipsed post-Suez, the local states in the Middle East rose to independence influenced by the two new superpowers: the USSR and the USA, a phase which lasted from the 1950s to 1991, when the Soviet Union collapsed, leaving the US dominant in world politics. Interestingly, Saddam Hussein was first to realise the implications and alerted his fellow Arabs to the dangers inherent in the new situation - that Russia's collapse would mean America becoming an unrivalled superpower in the Middle East; that if Arabs were not vigilant, everything including oil prices would be ruled by the United States. And so it was, post Iraq war, America emerged as the principal guardian of Gulf security. Having struggled against Western domination for most of the 20th Century, the Arab world was thrust back into a position of weakness, dependence and subservience
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