Sur le flux et le reflux de la mer

LAPLACE (Pierre-Simon de)

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[Paris, 1815 ?] In-8 de 8 pages ; brochage moderne. Très rare plaquette transcrivant une leçon que La place "lu[e] à la première classe de l'Institut, le 10 juillet 1815" et dans laquelle il résume sa théorie dynamique des marées qui "fixe le cadre théorique dans lequel vont s'exprimer toutes les recherches des deux siècles à venir". "Au tournant du XIXe siècle, sur les traces d'Euler et de Bernoulli, Pierre-Simon de Laplace, dans son imposante Mécanique Céleste (1799-1823), produit une théorie cette fois dynamique des marées. Elle s'appuie sur la théorie de Newton, mais tient compte en outre de l'effet de la rotation de la Terre sur les particules d'eau, introduisant de fait la force ultérieurement dite « de Coriolis », dirigée horizontalement. Laplace offre du problème des marées, « le plus épineux de toute la Mécanique Céleste », un traitement analytique sur lequel il revient à plusieurs reprises21de 1777 à 1823. Partant de l'équation générale de l'équilibre d'un fluide en mouvement, et de la condition de continuité de ce fluide, Laplace obtient, dans le cas des oscillations d'une masse fluide recouvrant un sphéroïde en rotation, les équations différentielles du mouvement d'une molécule dm de la mer sollicité par l'attraction d'un astre L, qu'il applique successivement à la Lune et au Soleil[.]". "Là où Newton cherchait à ramener systématiquement les irrégularités observées dans le rythme des marées à des causes théoriques générales, Laplace établit qu'elles dépendent plutôt de ce qu'il qualifie constamment de « circonstances accessoires », qui doivent être analysées à partir d'observations adéquates. Dans le chapitre IV du livre IV de la Mécanique Céleste, il met à l'épreuve ses résultats théoriques en établissant systématiquement la réduction des données obtenues lors de la campagne de six années d'observations lancée par l'Académie des sciences au début du XVIIIe siècle, et publiées par Lalande28. Il procédera de même au livre XIII en 1823, cette fois à partir de la campagne d'observations qu'il a lui-même proposée au gouvernement en 1806, et qu'il prend en compte dans ses calculs29 jusqu'en 1822. La stabilité des conclusions lui donne l'occasion de souligner la grande conformité de la nature avec elle-même. Contrairement aux calculs astronomiques, Laplace affirme qu'il ne peut utiliser la théorie des probabilités pour effectuer la réduction des données, car les observations des marées manquent de précision. Il ne l'utilise que pour apprécier le nombre d'observations requis afin de pallier ce manque de précision, et contenir l'erreur possible sur les résultats dans des limites données" (voir Marie-José Durand-Richard, Entre Ciel et Mer : des observatoires pour l'enseignement de l'astronomie, des sciences maritimes et le service de l'heure dans les Cahiers François Viète, II-8/9, 2016). Plaquette très rare, publiée après la formulation générale par Laplace de nouvelle théorie dynamique des marées mais avant ses observations définitives de 1823, à partir d'un corpus d'observations nouvelles (que le gouvernement initia à sa demande) s'échelonnant de 1807 à 1814. Seller Inventory # 4015

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Title: Sur le flux et le reflux de la mer

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Jacques de Roubaix
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Paperback. Condition: New. Print on Demand. This book on the cause of the barometer's variation reflects an important moment in the history of physics. It explores the relationship between atmospheric pressure as measured by a barometer and the rise and fall of the tides. Written in the 18th century, it was among the first to suggest that the cause of the variation in the pressure of the atmosphere is due to the presence of a subtle matter, an early conceptualization of what would later be known as energy. The author argues that it is an ethereal medium which encompasses the Earth's globe and acts upon it, pushing and pulling in a manner that affects the weight of the atmosphere and thus the height of the mercury in a barometer. This discovery about the interaction between the atmosphere and the Earth had important implications for the understanding of tides, which was also examined in this book. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item. Seller Inventory # 9780666276834_0

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LeatherBound. Condition: New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from 1677 edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. Pages: 9 NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 9. Seller Inventory # LB990005180797

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LeatherBound. Condition: New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from 1726 edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. Pages: 41 NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 41. Seller Inventory # LB990005237917

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